英美法系的誹謗(defamation)屬民事範疇,可分為永久形式誹謗(英语:libel)(libel)及短暫形式誹謗(英语:slander)(slander)。永久形式誹謗無須特殊損害即可提出訴訟(actionable per se)。 證明誹謗一般需要「誹謗性」、「指涉原告人」及「出版」幾個元素,上述元素須由原告人舉證。
[2020-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-09). “People v. Qin Zhihui (criminal case of slander and disturbing the peace)秦志晖诽谤、寻衅滋事案——利用信息网络实施诽谤、寻衅滋事犯罪的司法认定. 北大法律英文网.
Frequently convicted for illegal practice of medicine, violence, fraud and slander, the Scientologists have more and more trouble getting people to accept
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