優選理論 phonology)(Autosegmental phonology)及線性音韻學(英语:The Sound Pattern of English )(SPE)等理論通常以規則(rules)描述而非限制(constraints)。優選理論將語法規則(grammars)模
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開後圓唇元音Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550 Vago, Robert M., The Sound Pattern of Hungarian
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清齒齦擦音 The Phonology of Danish, 2005, ISBN 0-203-97876-5 Bertinetto, Marco; Loporcaro, Michele, The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the