ISBN 0-275-97606-8. Sam C. Nolutshungu. Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and StateFormation in Chad. University of Virginia Press. 1995. ISBN 0-8139-1628-3.
ISBN 978-1-134-82387-1. Smith II, Andrew M. Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and StateFormation. Oxford University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-986110-1. Millar, Fergus