field from inflation", Astrophys. J. 391, L1 (1992) (PDF) B. Ratra and P. J. E. Peebles, "Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field"
outlining the nature of the mass gap problem within the Yang-Mills formulation. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Mass gaps for scalarfield theories on Dispersive Wiki
純量勢(scalar potential)或稱純量位,在向量分析與物理學中是一個基本概念,将矢量场的无旋部分表示为标量场梯度,该标量场称为标量势。一般只要不會與向量勢發生混淆,前綴形容「純量」常省略,而簡稱「勢」或「位勢」。 給定一向量場F,其純量勢V為一純量場;對此純量場取負值梯度則得到F: F =