山龍眼科包括80屬，約2000餘種，主要分佈在南半球，大部分種類在澳洲和南非，此外在南美洲和東南亞有少數種類[1]，中國原產的有山龍眼屬和假山龍眼屬2屬共21種，分佈在南方。
本科植物多為灌木或喬木，稀為多年生草本；單葉互生、稀對生或輪生，常革質，無托葉；花兩性，稀單性，通常左右對稱，稀為輻射對稱，無花瓣；花萼為花瓣狀，4基數，具有顏色，花小，但花序明顯，有特異化的很特殊的傳粉機制[2]；果實為堅果、核果、蒴果或蓇葖果。各品種適應分化的非常嚴重，因此有時很難通過共性確定其科屬[3]，但各屬之間還是有明顯的區別。
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下屬分類
本科包括以下屬：
- Acidonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Adenanthes Knight, 1809
- Adenanthos Labill.
- Adenanthus Roem. & Schult., 1818
- Agastachys R.Br.
- Agnostus A.Cunn., 1832
- Agnostus G.Don ex Loudon, 1832
- Alloxylon P.H.Weston & Crisp
- Anademia C.Agardh, 1826
- Aplectotremas B.S.Serlin, 1982
- Arthrostygma Steud.
- Athertonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Aulax P.J.Bergius
- Austromuellera C.T.White
- 棒柯屬 Banksia L.f.
- Banksicarpus Velenovský & Viniklár, 1927
- Banksieaeformis R.S.Hill & D.C.Christophel, 1988
- Banksieaeidites Cookson, 1950
- Banksieaephyllum I.C.Cookson & S.L.Duigan, 1950
- Banksites Saporta, 1861
- Beauprea Brongn. & Gris
- Beaupreaidites I.C.Cookson ex R.Potonié, 1960
- Beaupreopsis Virot
- Bellendena R.Br.
- Bleasdalea F.Muell. ex Domin
- Bleasdalea F.Muell., 1865
- Brabejum L.
- Buckinghamia F.Muell.
- Cardwellia F.Muell.
- Carnarvonia F.Muell.
- Catalepidia P.H.Weston
- Cenarrhenes Labill.
- Cennarrhenes Steud., 1840
- Chilurus (R.Brown) Spach, 1841
- Conchocaryon F.von Mueller, 1879
- Conocarpus Adans., 1763
- Conogyne (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
- Conospermites Ettingshausen, 1867
- Conospermum Sm.
- Constantinium Unger, 1863
- Cranwellipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
- Cybele Salisb.
- Cycloptera (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
- Darlingia F.Muell.
- Deastella Loudon, 1830
- Diastella Salisb.
- Diastella Salisb. ex Knight
- Dilobeia Thouars
- Diplotera C.A.Gardner, 1933
- Doroteoxylon M.Nishida, H.Nishida & T.Ohsawa, 1989
- Dryandroides Unger, 1850
- Echitriporites Van der Hammen, 1956
- Eidothea A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland
- Embothriophyllum P.Dusén, 1899
- Embothriopsis Hollick, 1912
- Embothrites Unger, 1850
- Embothrium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Embotrium Ruiz & Pav., 1794
- Eriostylis (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
- Erodendron Meisn., 1856
- Eucarpha Spach
- Euplassa Salisb.
- Euplassa Salisb. ex Knight
- Euproteaciphyllum G.J.Jordan, R.J.Carpenter & R.S.Hill, 1998
- Faurea Harv.
- Finschia Warb.
- Floydia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Franklandia R.Br.
- Garnieria Brongn. & Gris
- Gevuina Molina
- Gissonia Salisb.
- 銀樺屬 Grevillea R.Br. ex Knight
- Grevillia Knight, 1809
- 哈克木屬 Hakea Schrad.
- Hakeites Saporta, 1861
- 山龍眼屬 Helicia Lour.
- 假山龍眼屬 Heliciopsis Sleumer
- Hicksbeachia F.Muell.
- Hollandaea F.Muell.
- Hollickia V.A.Krassilov, 1979
- Hylogyne Salisb.
- Illiniocarpon Schopf, 1938
- Isomerium (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
- Isopogon R.Br. ex Knight
- Josephia Salisb.
- Kermadecia Brongn. & Gris
- Knightia R.Br.
- Knightiophyllum Berry, 1916
- Knightiophyllum Ettingshausen, 1887
- Knightites Saporta, 1861
- Lambertia Sm.
- Lambertiphyllum Velenovsky, 1889
- 鶴鴕果屬 Lasjia P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia claudiensis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia erecta (J.A.Mc Donald & R.Ismail) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia grandis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach, 2024[4]
- Lasjia hildebrandii (Steenis) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia whelanii (F.M.Bailey) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lepidocarya Korth. ex Miq., 1856
- Lepidocystis Lesquereux, 1880
- Leucadendrites G.Saporta, 1862
- 木百合屬 Leucadendron Kuntze, 1891，銀葉樹屬
- Leucadendron P.J.Bergius
- Leucadendron R.Br.
- Leucadendrum Salisb., 1807
- Leucandron Steud.
- Leucandrum Neck., 1790
- Leucospermites G.Saporta, 1861
- 針墊花屬 Leucospermum R.Br.
- Lewalanipollis M.E.Dettmann D.M.Jarzen, 1996
- Lomatia R.Br.
- Lomatites G.Saporta, 1862
- Lysanthe Salisb.
- Lyssanthe Endl., 1837
- 澳洲堅果屬 Macadamia F.Muell.
- Macclintockia O.Heer, 1868
- Malagasia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Maslinia D.T.Blackburn, 1981
- Megahertzia A.S.George & B.Hyland
- Mimetes Salisb.
- Musgravea F.Muell.
- Musgraveinanthus D.C.Christophel, 1984
- Myricophyllum G.Saporta, 1862
- Neorites L.S.Sm.
- Nothorites P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Opisthiolepis L.S.Sm.
- Oreocallis R.Br.
- Orites R.Br.
- Orothamnus Pappe ex Hook.
- Palaeodendron G.Saporta, 1862
- Palibinia E.P.Korovin, 1932
- Panopsis Salisb.
- Panopsis Salisb. ex Knight
- Paranomus Salisb.
- Persoonia Sm.
- Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al., 2010
- Petrophila R.Br., 1810
- Petrophile R.Br.
- Petrophile R.Br. ex Knight
- Placospermum C.T.White & W.D.Francis
- Platycoila F.von Mueller, 1874
- 多足蕨屬 Polypodium Burm.f., 1768
- Propylipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
- 海神花屬 Protea L.
- Proteaciphyllum H.D.McGinitie, 1974
- Proteacites R.Caspary, 1881
- Proteaephyllum Fontaine, 1889
- Proteoides O.Heer, 1867
- Proteoxylon Kräusel, 1939
- Rhopalophyllum C.von Ettingshausen, 1888
- Rhopalospermites G.Saporta, 1862
- Rogersia Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia annelidica[5]
- Rogersia australis Cunéo & Gandolfo, 2005
- Rogersia longifolia Fontaine, 1889
- Roupala Aubl.
- Rymandra Salisb.
- Scalarixylon R.Pujana, 2007
- Serraria Burm., 1739
- Serruria Burm. ex Salisb.
- Sleumerodendron Virot
- Soranthe Salisb.
- Sorocephalus R.Br.
- Spatalla Salisb.
- Sphalmium B.G.Briggs, B.Hyland & L.A.S.Johnson
- Stenocarpites A.T.Brongniart, 1861
- Stenocarpus R.Br.
- Stirlingia Endl.
- Strangea Meisn.
- 白毛銀樺屬 Stylurus Salisb.
- Symphionema R.Br.
- Symphyonema R.Br., 1810
- Symphyonema Spreng., 1817
- Synaphea R.Br.
- 蒂羅花屬 Telopea R.Br.
- Tenuiloba B.S.Serlin, 1982
- Toronia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Tricondylus Salisb.
- Triporopollenites H.D.Pflug & P.W.Thomson, 1953
- Triunia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Turrillia A.C.Sm.
- Vexatorella Rourke
- Virotia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
- Wilkinsonia F.von Mueller, 1879
- Xylomelum Sm.
參考文獻
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