（原始内容存档于2017-05-25）. Invasive species could fill niches in degraded ecosystems and help restore native biodiversity....  Searcy, Christopher A.; Rollins, Hilary

E.; Fites-Kaufman, Joann; Thode, Andrea E. (编). 17. Fire in California's Ecosystems. University of California Press. 2006: 417. ISBN 978-0-520-24605-8

Mountain Ecosystems. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center. 2010-04-13 [2010-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-28） （英语）.  Response of Western

氣候變化對生態系統的影響（英語：Effects of climate change on ecosystems）包含有對陸地生態系統和海洋生態系統的（如對凍原、紅樹林、珊瑚礁和洞穴等），其中多數是負面的。全球氣溫升高、極端天氣事件更為頻繁以及海平面上升，是不利影響中最為嚴重的案例。

induced oxidative damage in terrestrial plants", in M. N. V. Prased (ed.), Heavy Metal Stress in Plants: From Biomolecules to Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, Berlin