色散关系diffraction, CBED) 型態在高階勞厄區(英语:Laue zone)(higher order Laue zone, HOLZ)譜線的能量相依性,允許研究者能對晶體三維色散表面的橫斷面做直接「成像」。這種動態效應(英语:Dynamical theory of diffraction
亥姆霍兹分解Stokes (presented: 1849 ; published: 1856) "On the dynamical theory of diffraction," Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 9, part