Divisions of the world in Islam

and World Religions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2009, ISBN 1606088416 （英语）  Betts, Robert Brenton, The Sunni-Shi'a Divide: Islam's Internal Divisions and

Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences, Potomac Books, Inc., 2013, ISBN 1612345220 （英语）  Campo, Juan Eduardo, Encyclopedia of Islam, Infobase

Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices, I.B.Tauris, 2001, ISBN 1860647804  （英文）Betts, Robert Brenton, The Sunni-Shi'a Divide: Islam's Internal Divisions and

Handbook To Life In The Medieval World, Facts on File, 2008, ISBN 0816048878 （英语）  Esposito, John L., The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University

the beginning of the 2010s...A common Ottoman past of the people living in Anatolia and Sunni- Islam as the dominant cultural element of this past took