University Press. 1918. OCLC 459798602. Hollister, C. Warren; Baldwin, John W. The Rise of Administrative Kingship: Henry I and Philip Augustus. The American
敦克爾克位處英吉利海峽沿岸、斯海尔德河以南,本來是條漁村。在十世紀末開始有人在此聚居,其時敦克爾克是法王藩國弗兰德伯国的屬地。公元960年左右,鮑德溫三世(英语:Baldwin III, Count of Flanders)為此城建造了城牆以抵禦維京人掠奪。城市周圍的濕地由附近的贝尔格教堂的僧侶抽走積水並開墾。"Dunkirk"之