鬲山(又名「歷山」)是中國華北平原東南部的一座山的古名,具體指哪一座山現今已無從可考,相傳今安徽黃山徽州區的鬲山便是古文獻中的「歷山」。傳說夏朝末期,商湯討伐夏後履癸桀,在鳴條之戰中擊敗了桀,桀隨妻末喜氏一同逃至今安徽省境內的歷山,而後又跑到了南巢(相傳今安徽省巢湖市居巢區),而後死去。《淮南子·修務訓》的記載稍有不同,說湯「整兵鳴條,困夏南巢,譙以其過,放之歷山」[參1]。《荀子·解蔽》記載夏桀商紂二世昏君時道,「 桀死於鬲山,紂懸於赤旆。[參2]」,又有王念孫《讀書雜誌·荀子七》註釋「作鬲山者是也。鬲讀與歷同。[參3]

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