體化認知

體化認知（又稱為體現的認知、具身認知，英語：Embodied cognition）是一種認知理論：無論是人類還是其他生物^{[來源請求]}，其多數認知特徵是由生物體全身的各方面所塑造而成。

認知特徵包括高級的心理產物（例如概念和範疇）以及在各種認知任務（如推理或判斷）中的表現。而身體方面則包括運動系統、知覺系統（英語：Perceptual system） ，身體與環境的相互作用（情境性（英語：Situated）），以及根據生物體結構來設想這個世界。

它挑戰了認知主義、計算主義和笛卡爾二元論等理論^[1][2]，並且與外延心靈論（英語：Extended mind thesis） 、情境式認知（英語：Situated cognition）和生成主義（英語：Enactivism）密切相關。它正隨着心理學、語言學、認知科學、動力學系統、人工智能、機械人學、動物認知、植物認知（英語：Plant cognition）和神經生物學等領域同步更新。

參見

• 後認知主義

參考文獻

1. Wilson, Robert A.; Foglia, Lucia (July 25, 2011). Edward N. Zalta (ed.). "Embodied Cognition". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition).
2. Varela, Thompson & Rosch 1992

• Brooks, Rodney A. (1999). Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52263-2
• Clark, Andy（英語：Andy Clark） (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53156-9
• Damasio, Antonio (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-601075-5
• 傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼 (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10229-1
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• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark（英語：Mark Johnson (professor)） (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46801-1
• Lakoff, George (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6.
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• Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark（英語：Mark Johnson (professor)） (1999) Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-05674-1
• Lakoff, George and Nuñez, Rafael（英語：Rafael E. Núñez）. (2001). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being（英語：Where Mathematics Comes From）. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03771-2
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• Pfeifer, R.（英語：Rolf Pfeifer） and Bongard, J.（英語：Josh Bongard） (2006) How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-16239-5
• Varela, Francisco J., Thompson, Evan T.（英語：Evan Thompson）, and Rosch, Eleanor（英語：Eleanor Rosch）. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72021-3
• Greeno, J.G; Moore, J.L. Situativity and symbols: Response to Vera and Simon. Cognitive Science. 1993, 17: 49–59. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1701_3.
• Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, *, 44–57.

外部連結

• The Situated Body （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, a special issue of Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology and the Arts. Guest edited by Shaun Gallagher.
• Embodiment and Experientialism from the Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pdf)
• Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide (pdf) – from an Artificial Intelligence perspective
• Where the Action Is （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Paul Dourish（英語：Paul Dourish）- for applications to human-computer interaction.
• Pragmatism, Ideology, and Embodiment: William James and the Philosophical Foundations of Embodiment by Tim Rohrer
• Society for the Scientific Study of Embodiment （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Embodied Cognition – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• 2001 Summary of how the embodiment hypothesis of cognitive linguistics has begun to interact with theories of embodiment in fields ranging from cognitive anthropology to cognitive neuroscience
• Goddard College's Embodiment Studies Web Resources
• Embodiment Resources – for those researching into embodiment, particularly as it relates to phenomenology, sociology and cognitive neuroscience. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• EUCog – European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Many references here to up to date research on embodiment and enaction