讓森獎章

讓森獎章（法語：Médaille Janssen）是由法國科學院頒發的天體物理學獎項，獎勵那些取得重要進展的天文學家。^[1]

讓森獎章不同於法國天文學會的年度獎項朱爾·讓森獎（1897年設立），而它們都以法國天文學家皮埃爾·讓森（即朱爾·讓森）的名字命名。

歷史

1886年，讓森獎章設立。1887年首次頒獎，評選委員會決定將第一枚獎章授予德國物理學家古斯塔夫·基爾霍夫，表彰他在光譜科學上的工作。然而，基爾霍夫在1887年10月13日去世，此時距獎項公佈還有數月。委員會沒有再選擇新的獲獎者，而在1887年12月26日的學院會議上宣佈將獎章放在基爾霍夫的墓碑上，「至高榮譽以紀念這位海德堡的偉大學者」。^[2]

讓森獎章原計劃每兩年頒發一次，但1888年頒獎後，於1889年再次頒獎。Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 1889年卷的一則聲明澄清說，該獎項在前七年每年頒發一次，從1894年開始改為雙年頒發。^[3]

獲獎者列表

1887 - 古斯塔夫·基爾霍夫^[4] (追授)
1888 - 威廉·哈金斯^[5]
1889 - 約瑟夫·諾曼·洛克耶
1890 - Charles Augustus Young^[6]
1891 - 若爾日·拉葉
1892 - Pietro Tacchini^[7]
1893 - 塞繆爾·蘭利^[8]
1894 - 喬治·埃勒里·海爾
1896 - Henri Deslandres
1898 - Aristarkh Belopolsky
1900 - 愛德華·愛默生·巴納德
1902 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
1904 - Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky
1905 - Gaston Millochau (銀質鍍金獎章)^[9]
1906 - 安尼巴萊·里科
1908 - Pierre Puiseux
1910 - 威廉·華萊士·坎貝爾
1912 - 阿爾弗雷德·佩羅
1914 - 勒內·雅里-德洛熱^[10]
1916 - 夏爾·法布里^[11]
1918 - Stanislas Chevalier^[12]
1920 - 威廉·科布倫茨^[13]
1922 - 卡爾·斯特默^[14]
1924 - George Willis Ritchey^[15]
1926 - Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo
1928 - William Hammond Wright^[16]
1930 - 貝爾納·費迪南·李奧
1932 - Alexandre Dauvillier
1934 - 沃爾特·亞當斯^[17]
1936 - 亨利·諾利斯·羅素^[18]
1938 - 貝蒂兒·林德布拉德
1940 - 哈洛·沙普利
1943 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
1944 - Jean Rösch
1946 - 揚·奧爾特
1949 - Daniel Chalonge
1952 - 安德烈·庫代
1955 - 奧托·斯特魯維^[19]
1956 - 維克托·安巴楚勉^[20]
1958 - 安德烈·拉勒曼德
1961 - 波爾·斯溫斯^[21]
1964 - Jean-François Denisse^[22]
1967 - 本特·斯特龍根^[23]
1970 - Gérard Wlérick^[24]
1973 - Lucienne Devan^[25] (銀質鍍金獎章)^[26]
1976 - 保羅·勒杜^[27]
1979 - Jean Delhaye^[28]
1982 - Georges Michaud^[29]
1985 - Pierre Lacroute^[30]
1988 - 洛德韋克·沃爾徹.^[31]
1990 - Pierre Charvin^[30]
1992 - 亨德里克·C·范德胡斯特^[30]
1994 - Serge Koutchmy^[32]
1999 - Jean-Marie Mariotti
2003 - Gilbert Vedrenne
2007 - Bernard Fort^[33]
2011 - 弗朗索瓦·米尼亞爾^[34]

列表截止到2011年。

參考資料

[1]
Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers. French Academy of Sciences website. [2011-01-23]. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-24）.
[2]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."
[3]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096
[4]
Prizes of the French Academy （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note.
[5]
Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011
[6]
Charles Augustus Young （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
[7]
Pietro Tacchini （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
[8]
Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
[9]
The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
[10]
Jarry‐Desloges, René^{[永久失效連結]}, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714
[11]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
[12]
The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
[13]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
[14]
Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478
[15]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
[16]
William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
[17]
Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
[18]
RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011
[19]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)
[20]
存档副本. [2018-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-25）.
[21]
（法文） Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011
[22]
（法文） Jean-François Denisse （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[23]
Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com
[24]
（法文） Gérard Wlérick （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011
[25]
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973)
[26]
The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
[27]
Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
[28]
J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
[29]
Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
[30]
存档副本 (PDF). [2015年2月4日]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015年2月4日）., Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
[31]
（法文） Lodewijk Woltjer^{[永久失效連結]}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[32]
Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
[33]
（法文） Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[34]
（法文） Francois Mignard （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

外部連結

Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers, includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences) （法文）
Article and photograph on the presentation of the 2007 award to Bernard Fort (Paris Institute of Astrophysics) （法文）

[general-1] [1]
Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers. French Academy of Sciences website. [2011-01-23]. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-24）.

[2] [2]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."

[3] [3]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096

[Wilson-4] [4]
Prizes of the French Academy （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note.

[5] [5]
Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011

[6] [6]
Charles Augustus Young （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.

[7] [7]
Pietro Tacchini （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.

[8] [8]
Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66

[9] [9]
The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.

[10] [10]
Jarry‐Desloges, René^{[永久失效連結]}, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714

[11] [11]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.

[Comptes_rendu-12] [12]
The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.

[13] [13]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.

[14] [14]
Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478

[15] [15]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.

[16] [16]
William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305

[17] [17]
Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)

[18] [18]
RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011

[19] [19]
General Notes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)

[20] [20]
存档副本. [2018-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-25）.

[21] [21]
（法文） Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011

[22] [22]
（法文） Jean-François Denisse （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[23] [23]
Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com

[24] [24]
（法文） Gérard Wlérick （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011

[25] [25]
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973)

[26] [26]
The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.

[27] [27]
Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)

[28] [28]
J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)

[29] [29]
Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)

[#1-30] [30]
存档副本 (PDF). [2015年2月4日]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015年2月4日）., Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)

[31] [31]
（法文） Lodewijk Woltjer^{[永久失效連結]}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[32] [32]
Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)

[33] [33]
（法文） Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[34] [34]
（法文） Francois Mignard （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

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