被動免疫是指人體獲得由其他人體產生的抗體或淋巴因子後而產生的免疫效果,人體自身並未產生抗體。這些外來抗體有胎傳抗體、破傷風抗毒素、抗狂犬病血清、抗蛇毒血清、丙種球蛋白、乙肝免疫球蛋白等。雖然被動免疫見效快,但由於抗體半衰期短,難以保持持久而有效的免疫水平,免疫時間最多持續2到3周[1]。
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