英語補語的作用對象是主詞和受詞,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是受詞補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定詞、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。
此條目論述以部分區域為主,未必有普世通用的觀點。 (2011年1月16日) |
漢語中的補語的對象則是謂語,用作豐富動作或限制性功能,但卻不是不可缺少的。當中視補充內容的不同,又可分作「結果補語」、「可能補語」、「程度補語」和「處所補語」。[1]
形容詞、動詞、代詞、副詞、數量詞和短語可以充當補語。「得」是補語的標誌。
- 以 「我笑得肚子疼」為例,「我笑」已經能夠表達出句子的基本意思,「得肚子痛」只是用作補充「笑」的程度。
- 由於功能與狀語相似語法初學者或經常混淆補語和狀語。
英語主詞的補語
它用在介系詞之後,是句子的一個基本成分。常用主-介-表結構。
- I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
- 我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認得是她。(her做受詞,with做介系詞,them做主詞補語)
- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
- Me. 我。 (me做主詞補語= It's me.)
- John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主詞補語)
- 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪莉,還真是她。
英語語法中受詞的補語
- 不定詞(to do)
- Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
- We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
- We made him to copy the sentence.
- He is made to copy the sentence.
- I felt my hands tremble.
- 名詞
- At the meeting we elected him monitor.
- I think your brother a clever boy.
- 形容詞
- What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
- I found the classroom empty.
- 副詞
- Please call the students back at once.
- He was seen to take his cap off.
- 現在分詞
- We hear him singing in the hall.
- I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
- 過去分詞
- He saw his face reflected in the water.
- I heard it spoken of in the next room.
中文語法中的補語
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