血管收縮素

血管收縮素原（絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑）
血管收縮素原（絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑）
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	1N9U, 1N9V, 2JP8, 2WXW, 2X0B
標識
代號	AGT; ANHU; FLJ92595; FLJ97926; SERPINA8
擴展標識	遺傳學：106150 鼠基因：87963 同源基因：14 GeneCards: AGT Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; · hormone activity; · hormone activity; · protein binding; · growth factor activity; · acetyltransferase activator activity; · type 1 angiotensin receptor binding; · type 2 angiotensin receptor binding;
細胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular region; · extracellular region; · extracellular space; · extracellular space; · extracellular space; · soluble fraction; · cytoplasmic part;
生物過程	· ovarian follicle rupture; · regulation of cell growth; · blood vessel development; · positive regulation of cytokine production; · kidney development; · blood vessel remodeling; · angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; · renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; · regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin; · renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production; · regulation of renal output by angiotensin; · regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin; · brain renin-angiotensin system; · cellular sodium ion homeostasis; · cell-matrix adhesion; · G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; · G-protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger; · activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger; · nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; · cell-cell signaling; · excretion; · establishment of blood-nerve barrier; · regulation of blood pressure; · negative regulation of cell proliferation; · response to cold; · response to salt stress; · positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity; · positive regulation of endothelial cell migration; · positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; · positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; · positive regulation of cholesterol esterification; · negative regulation of endopeptidase activity; · regulation of norepinephrine secretion; · positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade; · response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation; · regulation of vasoconstriction; · regulation of proteolysis; · extracellular matrix organization; · negative regulation of cell growth; · peristalsis; · positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; · positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity; · low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; · positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; · regulation of cell proliferation; · hormone metabolic process; · drinking behavior; · positive regulation of apoptosis; · positive regulation of catalytic activity; · positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade; · negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; · cellular lipid metabolic process; · positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; · positive regulation of organ growth; · astrocyte activation; · positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; · regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; · smooth muscle cell proliferation; · positive regulation of inflammatory response; · positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; · positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; · smooth muscle cell differentiation; · negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity; · positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; · positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類
Entrez	183
Ensembl	ENSG00000135744
UniProt	P01019
mRNA序列	NM_000029.3
蛋白序列	NP_000020.1
基因位置	Chr 1:; 230.84 – 230.85 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]
	閱; 論; 編;

血管收縮素（Angiotensin），亦稱血管緊張素、血管緊縮素、血管張力素，是一種寡肽類激素，是腎素-血管收縮素系統（renin-angiotensin system）的重要組成部分。血管收縮素能引起血管收縮，升高血壓；促進腎上腺皮質釋放醛固酮。它也具有很強的致渴作用。血管收縮素的前體是由肝臟合成的一種血清球蛋白：血管收縮素原。血管收縮素最早於20世紀30年代末由美國印第安納和阿根廷的研究人員分別獨立分離，並被分別命名為Angiotonin和Hypertensin，後來被美國克利夫蘭診所和瑞士巴塞爾的汽巴實驗室（Ciba Laboratories）描述併合成。^[1]

Quick Facts 血管收縮素原（絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑）, 有效結構 ...

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前體及種類

血管收縮素原

血管收縮素原是一種主要由肝臟持續合成並釋放入血液循環的α-2球蛋白。它屬於絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制物超家族（serine protease inhibitors，serpin），雖然就目前所知它不能抑制任何酶的活性。皮質激素、雌激素、甲狀腺素和血管收縮素II可增高血漿血管收縮素原含量。

血管收縮素原是腎素的基質。

人血管收縮素原包含452個氨基酸殘基，而其他物種的血管收縮素原大小有所不同。它的N-端12個氨基酸殘基由於關係到其活性而最為重要。

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile

^[2]

血管收縮素Ⅰ

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu

血管收縮素Ⅰ由腎素作用於血管收縮素原形成。腎素能催化血管收縮素原白氨酸（Leu）與纈氨酸（Val）間的肽鍵水解產生十肽血管收縮素I；

血管收縮素Ⅰ基本沒有生物學活性，而是作為血管收縮素Ⅱ的前體存在。

血管收縮素Ⅱ

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe | His-Leu

血管收縮素I經血管收縮素Ⅰ轉化酶剪切C-末端兩個氨基酸殘基而形成血管收縮素Ⅱ。血管收縮素II是一種可通過內分泌、自分泌/旁分泌以及胞內分泌發揮作用的激素。

血管收縮素Ⅱ通過血管收縮素酶降解為血管收縮素Ⅲ，其在循環系統的半衰期約為30秒，而在組織中最長可達15至30分鐘。

血管收縮素Ⅲ

Asp | Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe

相比較血管收縮素Ⅱ而言，血管收縮素Ⅲ（七肽）仍具有40%的升壓活性和100%的促醛固酮分泌活性。

血管收縮素Ⅳ

Arg | Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe

血管收縮素Ⅳ（六肽）與血管收縮素Ⅲ相似，而活性更低。

血管收縮素-(1-9)

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His |-Leu

血管收縮素-(1-7)

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro|-Phe

參考文獻

[1]
Basso N, Terragno NA. History about the discovery of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension. 2001年12月, 38 (6): 1246–9 [2008-11-26]. PMID 11751697. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-12）.
[2]
NCBI HomePage. [2021-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-28）.

延伸閲讀

de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, Inagami T, Wright JW, Unger T. International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors. Pharmacological Reviews. September 2000, 52 (3): 415–72. PMID 10977869.
Brenner & Rector's The Kidney, 7th ed., Saunders, 2004.
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 3rd Ed., CV Mosby Company, 1990.
Review of Medical Physiology, 20th Ed., William F. Ganong, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th ed., Burton David Rose & Theodore W. Post McGraw-Hill, 2001
Lees KR, MacFadyen RJ, Doig JK, Reid JL. Role of angiotensin in the extravascular system. Journal of Human Hypertension. August 1993,. 7 Suppl 2: S7–12. PMID 8230088.
Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. American Journal of Hypertension. December 1999, 12 (12 Pt 3): 205S–213S. PMID 10619573. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(99)00103-X.
Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG. Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. December 2001, 281 (6): H2337–65. PMID 11709400. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2337.
Sernia C. A critical appraisal of the intrinsic pancreatic angiotensin-generating system. Journal of the Pancreas. January 2001, 2 (1): 50–5. PMID 11862023.
Varagic J, Frohlich ED. Local cardiac renin-angiotensin system: hypertension and cardiac failure. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. November 2002, 34 (11): 1435–42. PMID 12431442. doi:10.1006/jmcc.2002.2075.
Wolf G. Role of reactive oxygen species in angiotensin II-mediated renal growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2006, 7 (9–10): 1337–45. PMID 16115039. doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.1337.
Cazaubon S, Deshayes F, Couraud PO, Nahmias C. [Endothelin-1, angiotensin II and cancer]. Médecine/Sciences. April 2006, 22 (4): 416–22. PMID 16597412. doi:10.1051/medsci/2006224416.
Ariza AC, Bobadilla NA, Halhali A. [Endothelin 1 and angiotensin II in preeeclampsia]. Revista de Investigacion Clinica; Organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion. 2007, 59 (1): 48–56. PMID 17569300.

參見

外部連結

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.953 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Angiotensins
Human AGT genome location and AGT gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英語：UCSC Genome Browser）.
PDB中UniProt可用的所有結構資訊之概述：P01019 (Angiotensin) 在PDBe-KB（英語：PDBe-KB）。

Template:Angiotensin receptor modulators（英語：Template:Angiotensin receptor modulators）

[1] [1]
Basso N, Terragno NA. History about the discovery of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension. 2001年12月, 38 (6): 1246–9 [2008-11-26]. PMID 11751697. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-12）.

[2] [2]
NCBI HomePage. [2021-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-28）.

[1]

[2]