Gillespie, Susan D.. The Aztec Kings: the Construction of Rulership in Mexica History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 1989. ISBN 0-8165-1095-4. OCLC 19353576.
Hassig, Ross. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Civilization of the American Indian series, #188. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1988. ISBN 0-8061-2121-1. OCLC 17106411.