特許西印度公司(荷蘭語:Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie,簡稱GWC),通稱荷蘭西印度公司,創建於1621年6月3日,是荷蘭在聯省共和國時期仿東印度公司模式建立的特許公司,被荷蘭政府特許在巴西、加勒比海群島和北美洲為進行大西洋奴隸貿易。成立之初只是為了打破西班牙及葡萄牙對西方貿易權的壟斷,以及將對西戰爭的壓力從本土轉移到泛大西洋地區。在十七世紀初期到十八世紀曾對整個西半球的貿易,殖民,海盜等各方面擁有巨大的影響力。公司於1674年因債務未償還而解體,但因為販賣農奴的高額利潤和巨大需求,以及現存的諸多殖民地的,第二家西印度公司於1675年誕生,史稱為第二西印度公司或新西印度公司。主要航線與第一家重疊,所有的船舶等財產歸第二西印度公司所有。它大約擁有六百萬荷蘭盾的資產,其中主要由阿姆斯特丹分部貢獻。第二西印度公司在1792年關閉,爾後在1800年左右還出現「第三西印度公司」,但未成功建立。
此條目沒有列出任何參考或來源。 (2016年4月28日) |
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參考資料
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