守貞教育,又稱婚前守貞教育、純潔教育、唯禁慾性教育(英語:Abstinence-only sex education),是性教育的一種形式,其會教育學生不要進行發生婚姻以外的性行為,並以負面角度形容發生婚前性行為及女性進行墮胎後的後果。它一般不會像綜合性性教育般教授學生有關預防性病、安全性行為及避孕般的知識。
一項對美國48個州份進行的研究表明:「禁慾教育的盛行率與青少年懷孕率或生產率呈正相關[17]。」另外根據約翰·桑泰利(John S. Santelli)的研究,1995 --2002年期間青少年懷孕率下降的主要原因是避孕方式得到改善,18歲-19歲組之間的懷孕風險下降可完全歸因於避孕措施更為盛行[18]。
總統防治愛滋病緊急救援計劃(英語:President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)是美國政府為打擊全球愛滋病蔓延所提出來的計劃[41]。其與全球22個國家的政府皆有合作關係,旨在一同制定預防HIV和改善患者生活的可持續計劃[42],並為其餘國家提供資金,以幫助防治愛滋病蔓延。其對受資助者設立資格限制,並提供一定的指導。該救援計劃大力推廣一套稱為「ABC」的愛滋病預防方法——禁慾(Abstain)、忠誠(Be faithful)以及使用避孕套(use Condoms)。合資格的受資助國家可向15歲以上的青少年提供關於避孕套的信息,但不能夠以那些資金推廣或購入它,且不能向低於15歲者提供相關信息[43] 。這背後的原因在於儘管現有證據表明避孕套不會導致性濫交,但不鼓勵人們發生性行為[44]。設救援計劃自2003年成立以來便一直把33%的資金投放於守貞教育上,直到2008年政權變更才有所減少——起碼節省了50%投放於守貞教育的開支[45]。救援計劃的合作夥伴也一直處於爭議中心。2006年,23%的社區合作夥伴是以忠誠為其預防重心,且「美國政府應否為這些組織繼續提供資金」這一點亦引起不少爭議[46]。包括莫桑比克和盧旺達在內,一些接受計劃資助的國家對美國以忠誠、禁慾為重點的預防教育感到厭惡[46]。人權組織對此一救援計劃啟動後全球避孕套使用量減少的情況表示關注[47]。
Ott, MA; Santelli, JS. Abstinence and abstinence-only education. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007, 19 (5): 446–52. PMID 17885460. doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282efdc0b. Abstinence-only curricula have been found to contain scientifically inaccurate information, distorting data on topics such as condom efficacy, and promote gender stereotypes. An independent evaluation of the federal program, several systematic reviews, and cohort data from population-based surveys find little evidence of efficacy and evidence of possible harm.
Bryan Strong; Christine DeVault; Theodore F. Cohen. The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationship in a Changing Society. Cengage Learning. 2010: 186 [2011-10-08]. ISBN 0-534-62425-1. Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' [...] Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins' [...] Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation).
Petrova, D; Garcia-Retamero, R. Effective Evidence-Based Programs For Preventing Sexually-Transmitted Infections: A Meta-Analysis.. Current HIV Research. 2015, 13 (5): 432–8. PMID 26149164. doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150511143943.
Kirby, Douglas B. The impact of abstinence and comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs on adolescent sexual behavior. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. 2008, 5 (3): 18–27. doi:10.1525/srsp.2008.5.3.18.
Johnson, Blair T.; Scott-Sheldon, Lori A. J.; Huedo-Medina, Tania B.; Carey, Michael P. Interventions to Reduce Sexual Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2011-01-01, 165 (1): 77–84. PMID 21199984. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.251.
Santelli, John S.; Speizer, Ilene S.; Edelstein, Zoe R. Abstinence promotion under PEPFAR: The shifting focus of HIV prevention for youth. Global Public Health. 2013, 8 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/17441692.2012.759609.
Luker, Kristin. When Sex Goes To School: Warring Views On Sex - And Sex Education - Since The Sixties. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. 2007: 102–105. ISBN 978-0-393-06089-8.
Douglas Kirby, Ph. D.: Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2001.Homepage of the study. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
Journal of Adolescent Health: Volume 38, Issue 1, Pages 83–87 (January 2006): Abstinence-only education policies and programs: A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine: John Santelli, M.D., M.P.H.a, Mary A. Ott, M.D.b, Maureen Lyon, Ph.D.c, Jennifer Rogers, M.P.H.d, Daniel Summers, M.D.e http://www.jahonline.org/article/PIIS1054139X05002764/fulltext - "abstinence-until-marriage programs discriminate against gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and questioning youth, as federal law limits the definition of marriage to heterosexual couples."
United States Ignorance Only Hiv/aids, Human Rights and Federally Funded Abstinence-only Programs in the United States Texas: a Case Study; Human Rights Watch, September 2002, Vol. 14, No. 5(G)., Page 39.
Nancy D. Polikoff, Beyond straight and gay marriage: valuing all families under the law; Politics, Culture and Society Series, Beacon Press, 2008 ISBN0-8070-4432-6, ISBN978-0-8070-4432-2
Debran Rowland, The boundaries of her body: the troubling history of women's rights in America, SphinxLegal, 2004, ISBN1-57248-368-7, ISBN978-1-57248-368-2
Wilkerson, A. I Want to Hold Your Hand: Abstinence Curricula, Bioethics, and the Silencing of Desire. Journal of Medical Humanities. 2013, 34: 101–108. PMID 23468394. doi:10.1007/s10912-013-9213-0.