競爭優勢

在商業或經濟中，競爭優勢是使一個組織或實體能夠勝過其競爭對手的屬性。競爭優勢可能包括獲取自然資源，例如高品位礦石或低成本能源、高技能勞動力、地理位置、高進入壁壘和獲取新技術。

概述

競爭優勢指的是通過屬性和資源獲得的能力，在同一行業或市場中比其他人有更高的表現。隨着企業在競爭市場中的卓越表現現象越發突出，人們對這種優勢的研究也越發的感興趣。^[1]

當一個企業正在實施的價值創造戰略沒有被任何現有的或潛在的參與者同時實施時，它就被認為具有競爭優勢。^[2]^[3]

競爭優勢是一個企業對其競爭對手的槓桿作用。這可以通過向客戶提供更好或更大的價值來獲得，也可以通過以較低的價格或較高的質量宣傳產品或服務，引起消費者的興趣。這也是品牌忠誠度背後的原因，或者說客戶為什麼喜歡一個特定的產品或服務而不是另一個。在理解競爭優勢時，價值計劃（英語：Value proposition）是很重要的一部分。如果價值計劃為客戶提供更好、更大的價值，它就可以在產品或服務中產生競爭優勢。^[4]

參考文獻

[1]
Chacarbaghi; Lynch, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance by Michael E. Porter 1980: 45, 1999
[2]
A firm is said to have a competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential player
[3]
Clulow, Val; Gerstman, Julie; Barry, Carol. The resource-based view and sustainable competitive advantage: the case of a financial services firm. Journal of European Industrial Training. 1 January 2003, 27 (5): 220–232. doi:10.1108/03090590310469605.
[4]
Payne, Adrian; Frow, Pennie; Eggert, Andreas. The customer value proposition: evolution, development, and application in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2017-03-18, 45 (4): 467–489. ISSN 0092-0703. doi:10.1007/s11747-017-0523-z.

[1] [1]
Chacarbaghi; Lynch, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance by Michael E. Porter 1980: 45, 1999

[2] [2]
A firm is said to have a competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential player

[3] [3]
Clulow, Val; Gerstman, Julie; Barry, Carol. The resource-based view and sustainable competitive advantage: the case of a financial services firm. Journal of European Industrial Training. 1 January 2003, 27 (5): 220–232. doi:10.1108/03090590310469605.

[4] [4]
Payne, Adrian; Frow, Pennie; Eggert, Andreas. The customer value proposition: evolution, development, and application in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2017-03-18, 45 (4): 467–489. ISSN 0092-0703. doi:10.1007/s11747-017-0523-z.

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