鹼性火成岩泛指含有較高鹼金屬元素即高比例的Na2O+K2O,包含霞石正長岩-響岩類之岩石,普遍含二氧化矽較少,約在52%以下。

從化學組成來看火成岩分類(圖中藍色的部分為鹼性火成岩)。

鹼性火成岩主要由各種長石霞石和霓閃石組成,多存在於岩蓋和岩盆之中,很少出露,出露面積只佔全部火成岩的0.1%。

鹼性火成岩中含有的礦物主要有稀土金屬等。

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