火神淀之亂遼朝初年皇室內爭奪皇位的鬥爭。火神淀在新州,今河北涿鹿縣西。

天祿五年九月(951年,後周廣順元年),契丹皇帝遼世宗耶律阮想要計劃南進,會同北漢攻打後周,諸部不從,耶律阮強行。走到新州的火神淀」[1]。契丹內亂,耶律察割耶律盆都殺害耶律阮,耶律屋質逃出,既而推舉耶律述律為帝,即遼穆宗。耶律述律派耶律婁國殺死耶律察割。「自火神淀入幽州,遣使告於北漢」。在今內蒙古巴林左旗西南也有火神淀,亦作大神淀。

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