1964年5月,邁阿密大學海洋科學研究所、哥倫比亞大學拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測所、加利福尼亞大學斯克里普斯海洋研究所及伍茲霍爾海洋研究所聯合組成了地球深部取樣海洋研究機構聯合體(Joint Oceangraphic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling,JOIDES),不久華盛頓大學加入聯合體。1965年,JOIDES 在美國佛羅里達半島東海岸鑽了14口井,取得了一些很有價值的成果。1966年6月24日,美國國家科學基金會指定加利福尼亞大學斯克里普斯海洋研究所為 JOIDES 的操作單位,與之簽訂協議,由基金會提供1260萬美元實施深海鑽探計劃,以取代耗資不菲的莫霍計劃。1968年,深海鑽探計劃的專用鑽探船,由環球海洋鑽探公司建造的「格羅瑪·挑戰者號」建成下水並交付使用。
實施過程
在1968年至1983年的15年裏,「格羅瑪·挑戰者號」完成了96個鑽探航次,總里程超過60×104公里,在624個鑽位上鑽探了1092個深海鑽孔,採集深海岩心總長超過97公里,採集範圍覆蓋了除北冰洋之外的全球各大洋。隨着第一階段(1-9航次)、第二階段(10-25航次)和第三階段(26-44航次)的順利展開,1975年,蘇聯、聯邦德國、英國、日本等國也加入了該項計劃,深海鑽探計劃進入了大洋鑽探的國際協作階段(International Phase of Ocean Drilling,IPOD)。1983年11月,「格羅瑪·挑戰者號」退役,接替它的是更加先進的「喬迪斯·決心號」,深海鑽探計劃也隨之改稱為大洋鑽探計劃。
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寧付龍. 大洋科学钻探--从DSDP→ODP→IODP (M)使用|format=需要含有|url= (幫助) 1. 武漢: 中國地質大學出版社. 2010. ISBN 978-7-5625-2415-1.