海烏姆諾滅絕營

海烏姆諾
海烏姆諾
滅絕營
	1990年在營內建立的紀念碑
	海烏姆諾滅絕營在波蘭的位置
知名於	猶太人大屠殺
位置	波蘭總督府內爾河畔海烏姆諾
原用途	種族滅絕
運行時間	1941年12月8日–1943年3月; 1944年6月–1945年1月18日
毒氣室數	3
囚犯類型	主要為猶太人
死亡	約152,000–340,000
解放	蘇軍，1945年1月20日

海烏姆諾滅絕營，德國稱之為庫爾姆霍夫滅絕營（德語：Vernichtungslager Kulmhof），是納粹德國設在波蘭羅茲外50公里內爾河畔海烏姆諾村的滅絕營，該村鎮歷史上曾屬德國，名為庫爾姆霍夫（Kulmhof）。1939年波蘭戰役後，該地被德國控制，成為瓦爾特蘭行政區。海烏姆諾滅絕營曾分兩階段運營：第一階段為1941年12月8日–1943年3月，這段時間內屠殺了大量的猶太人；另一階段為1944年6月–1945年1月18日抵抗蘇軍反擊時。該營主要為滅絕羅茲猶太區的波蘭猶太人而建造。^[2]在這兩階段的中間時期，集中營的殺人方式有所修改，1943年拆除了集中營的部分設施。^[3]

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參考資料

[1]
USHMM. Chelmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. May 11, 2012 [May 12, 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.
[2]
Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland (Warsaw: 1946, 1947) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Archive of Jewish Gombin Genealogy, with introduction by Leon Zamosc. Note: The Main (or Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (波蘭語：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce（波蘭語：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce）, GKBZNwP) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the Institute of National Remembrance (see also the Internet Archive). Quote: "The Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation - The Institute of National Memory... has a fifty years long history (1995). The creation of the Main Commission... was preceded by work done in London since 1943 by the 波蘭流亡政府."
[3]
Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985) documentary.

外部連結

Resources about Chełmno （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） on the Yad Vashem website
Chełmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. [26 July 2007]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.

[ushmm.org-Chelmno-1] [1]
USHMM. Chelmno (permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Wikipedia; OTRS ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed). Holocaust Encyclopedia. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. May 11, 2012 [May 12, 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-22）. Text from USHMM has been released under the GFDL. The Museum can offer no guarantee that the information is correct in each circumstance.

[comm-2] [2]
Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland (Warsaw: 1946, 1947) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Archive of Jewish Gombin Genealogy, with introduction by Leon Zamosc. Note: The Main (or Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (波蘭語：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce（波蘭語：Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce）, GKBZNwP) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the Institute of National Remembrance (see also the Internet Archive). Quote: "The Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation - The Institute of National Memory... has a fifty years long history (1995). The creation of the Main Commission... was preceded by work done in London since 1943 by the 波蘭流亡政府."

[Shoah_1985-3] [3]
Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985) documentary.

[2]

[3]

[1]