泰西封
在伊拉克的古代帕提亞/波斯城市 来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
泰西封,亦作泰西豐、泰錫封(英語:Ctesiphon;帕提亞語及帕拉維語:Tyspwn或Tisfun;波斯語:تيسفون;阿拉伯語:المدائن,Madain、Maden或Al-Mada'in)是古代美索不達米亞的城市,帕提亞帝國及它的繼承者薩珊王朝的首都。泰西封在今日伊拉克首都巴格達東南35公里的底格里斯河河畔。800多年來一直都是Khvarvaran省的首府。在《舊約聖經·以斯拉記》亦有提及泰西封(譯成「迦西斐雅」)。
泰西封 | |
---|---|
تيسفون (波斯文) قطيسفون (阿拉伯文) | |
位置 | 伊拉克巴格達Salman Pak |
座標 | 33°5′37″N 44°34′50″E |
文化 | 巴比倫人、伊朗人 |
現狀 | 遺跡 |
發掘日期 | 1928年-1929年、1931年-1932年、1960年代-1970年代 |
考古學家 | Oscar Reuther、Antonio Invernizzi、Giorgio Gullini |
歷史
帕提亞時期
延伸閱讀
- M. Streck, Die alte Landschaft Babylonien nach den arabischen Geographen, 2 vols. (Leiden, 1900–1901).
- M. Streck, "Seleucia und Ktesiphon," Der Alte Orient, 16 (1917), 1–64.
- A. Invernizzi, "Ten Years Research in the al-Madain Area, Seleucia and Ctesiphon," Sumer, 32, (1976), 167–175.
- Luise Abramowski, "Der Bischof von Seleukia-Ktesiphon als Katholikos und Patriarch der Kirche des Ostens," in Dmitrij Bumazhnov u. Hans R. Seeliger (hg), Syrien im 1.-7. Jahrhundert nach Christus. Akten der 1. Tübinger Tagung zum Christlichen Orient (15.-16. Juni 2007). (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2011) (Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum / Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity, 62),
- Morony, Michael. MADĀʾEN. Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2009 [2022-05-29]. (原始內容存檔於2016-11-16).
- Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Second. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd. 2004 [2022-05-29]. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. (原始內容存檔於2023-08-06).
- Amedroz, Henry F.; Margoliouth, David S. (編). The Eclipse of the 'Abbasid Caliphate. Original Chronicles of the Fourth Islamic Century, Vol. V: The concluding portion of The Experiences of Nations by Miskawaihi, Vol. II: Reigns of Muttaqi, Mustakfi, Muti and Ta'i. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1921.
- Rekaya, M. al-Maʾmūn. The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden and New York: BRILL: 331–339. 1991 [2022-05-29]. ISBN 90-04-08112-7. (原始內容存檔於2018-12-26).
- Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Second. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd. 2004 [2022-05-29]. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. (原始內容存檔於2023-08-06).
- Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain. The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975: 1–57 [2022-05-29]. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. (原始內容存檔於2023-09-23).
- Bosworth, C. E. Iran under the Buyids. Frye, R. N. (編). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975: 250–305. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
- Kröger, Jens. CTESIPHON. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4: 446–448. 1993 [2022-05-29]. (原始內容存檔於2020-04-21).
- Shapur Shahbazi, A. SASANIAN DYNASTY. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. 2005 [30 March 2014]. (原始內容存檔於2017-11-17).
外部連結
- Ayvan (or Taq)-e Khosrow
- Ctesiphon and Taq-e Kasra photo gallery
- Sasanian Palaces anf their Influences in Early Islamic Architecture
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