泰盧固文

泰盧固文
泰盧固文;
類型	元音附標文字
使用時期	大約1500年–現在
書寫方向	從左至右
語言	泰盧固語
相關書寫體系
父體系	婆羅米文南婆羅米文卡丹巴文字泰盧固文; ; ;
姊妹體系	卡納達文
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Telu (340), Telugu
Unicode
別名	Telugu
範圍	U+0C00–U+0C7F
	本條目包含國際音標 (IPA) 符號。有關 IPA 符號的介紹指南，請參閱 Help:IPA。[ ]，/ / 及 ⟨ ⟩ 之間的區別，參閲IPA§方括號與轉錄定界符。

泰盧固文是婆羅米系元音附標文字，用來書寫泰盧固語，它是在南印度安得拉邦和一些臨近邦中使用的中南部達羅毘荼語。泰盧固文派生自泰盧固-卡納達文^[1]並與卡納達文同時獨立發展因此看起來很相像。^[2]

Quick Facts

Close

Quick Facts 泰盧固文, 類型 ...

Close

派生自婆羅米文

孔雀王朝所使用的婆羅米文最終抵達了奎師那河三角洲並引發了在盛裝佛陀舍利的瓦罐上的Bhattiprolu文。^[3]^[4]佛教從Ghantasala和默蘇利珀德姆（托勒密地圖的古代Maisolos和Periplus圖的Masalia）的臨近港口傳播到東亞^[5]。Bhattiprolu文的傳播還引發了現代泰文^[6]、緬甸文、爪哇文和峇里文^[7]，它們看來很像泰盧固文。Bhattiprolu婆羅米文在公元5世紀演化成了古泰盧固-卡納達文。^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

穆斯林歷史學家和學者比魯尼稱泰盧固語言文字為Andhri。^[15]

元音

泰盧固文有14個元音。

More information 獨立, 作క（k）附標 ...

獨立	作క（k）附標	ISO	IPA	獨立	作క（k）附標	ISO	IPA
అ	క	a	[ʌ]	ఆ	కా	ā	[a:]
ఇ	కి	i	[i]	ఈ	కీ	ī	[i:]
ఉ	కు	u	[u]	ఊ	కూ	ū	[u:]
ఋ	కృ	r̥	[rɨ, ru]	ౠ	కౄ	r̥̄	[rɨ:, ru:]
ఌ		l̥		ౡ		l̥̄
ఎ	కె	e	[e]	ఏ	కే	ē	[e:]
ఒ	కొ	o	[o]	ఓ	కో	ō	[o:]
ఐ	కై	ai	[aj]	ఔ	కౌ	au	[aw]

Close

附標用例：

ఖ + ఈ（ీ）→ ఖీ	[kʰa] + [iː] → [kʰiː]
జ + ఉ（ు）→ జు	[dʒa] + [u] → [dʒu]

輔音

More information 字符, ISO ...

字符	ISO	IPA	字符	ISO	IPA	字符	ISO	IPA	字符	ISO	IPA	字符	ISO	IPA
క	k	[k]	ఖ	kh	[kʰ]	గ	g	[g]	ఘ	gh	[gʱ]	ఙ	ṅ	[ŋ]
చ	c	[tʃ]	ఛ	ch	[tʃʰ]	జ	j	[dʒ]	ఝ	jh	[dʒʱ]	ఞ	ñ	[ɲ]
ట	ṭ	[ʈ]	ఠ	ṭh	[ʈʰ]	డ	ḍ	[ɖ]	ఢ	ḍh	[ɖʱ]	ణ	ṇ	[ɳ]
త	t	[t]	థ	th	[tʰ]	ద	d	[d]	ధ	dh	[dʱ]	న	n	[n]
ప	p	[p]	ఫ	ph	[pʰ]	బ	b	[b]	భ	bh	[bʱ]	మ	m	[m]
య	y	[j]	ర	r	[r]	ల	l	[l]	వ	v	[ʋ]	ళ	ḷ	[ɭ]
శ	ś	[ɕ]	ష	ṣ	[ʂ]	స	s	[s]	ఱ	ṛ	[ɽ]	హ	h	[h]

Close

其他附標

్靜默輔音的固有元音。ం和ఁ鼻音化它所附着的元音或音節。ః在它所附着的元音或音節後增加一個清擦音。

More information 實例, ISO ...

實例	ISO		實例	ISO		實例	ISO		實例	ISO
అం	aṁ		అఁ	ã		అః	aḥ		క్	k

Close

附標用例：

క + ్ → క్	[ka] + [Ø] → [k]
క + ఁ → కఁ	[ka] + [n] → [kan]
క + ం → కం	[ka] + [m] → [kam]
క + ః → కః	[ka] + [h] → [kah]

數字

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯

More information 0⁄4, 1⁄4 ...

0⁄4	1⁄4	2⁄4	3⁄4	0⁄16	1⁄16	2⁄16	3⁄16
౸	౹	౺	౻	౦	౼	౽	౾

Close

註釋：౹, ౺和౻也用於1⁄64, 2⁄64, 3⁄64, 1⁄1024等，而౼, ౽和౾也用於1⁄256, 2⁄256, 3⁄256, 1⁄4096等。^[16]

Unicode編碼

Unicode給泰盧固文的範圍是U+0C00–U+0C7F。

泰盧固文 Telugu^[1]^[2] Unicode Consortium 官方碼表 (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+0C0x	ఀ	ఁ	ం	ః	ఄ	అ	ఆ	ఇ	ఈ	ఉ	ఊ	ఋ	ఌ		ఎ	ఏ
U+0C1x	ఐ		ఒ	ఓ	ఔ	క	ఖ	గ	ఘ	ఙ	చ	ఛ	జ	ఝ	ఞ	ట
U+0C2x	ఠ	డ	ఢ	ణ	త	థ	ద	ధ	న		ప	ఫ	బ	భ	మ	య
U+0C3x	ర	ఱ	ల	ళ	ఴ	వ	శ	ష	స	హ			఼	ఽ	ా	ి
U+0C4x	ీ	ు	ూ	ృ	ౄ		ె	ే	ై		ొ	ో	ౌ	్
U+0C5x						ౕ	ౖ		ౘ	ౙ	ౚ			ౝ
U+0C6x	ౠ	ౡ	ౢ	ౣ			౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯
U+0C7x								౷	౸	౹	౺	౻	౼	౽	౾	౿
註釋 1.^ 依據 Unicode 14.0 2.^ 灰色區域表示未被分配的碼位

引用

[1]
Bhat, Raghunath. PALAEOGRAPHIC ART OF INDIA AND SOUTH EAST ASIA. IGNCA. 2001 [2007-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月27日）.
[2]
Telugu script details (PDF). [2010-04-10]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2007-09-26）.
[3]
Antiquity of Telugu language and script: http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
[4]
Ananda Buddha Vihara 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-09-30.
[5]
The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-04）.
[6]
My Thais - Sepia Mutiny. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2010-01-24）.
[7]
Balinese alphabet, language and pronunciation. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2007-03-09）.
[8]
The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228
[9]
Vishwabharath by K. N. Murthy and G. U. Rao, http://tdil.mit.gov.in/TelugulScriptDetailsApr02.pdf （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
[10]
Indiain Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.40, ISBN 0195099842
[11]
Indian Epigraphy by Dineschandra Sircar, Motilal Banarsidass, 1996, p.46, ISBN 8120811666
[12]
The Dravidian Languages by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, 2003, Cambridge University Press, pp.78-79, ISBN 0521771110
[13]
Comparative Dravidian linguistics: Current perspectives by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0198241224
[14]
K. Raghunath Bhat, 存档副本. [2007年7月19日]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月27日）.
[15]
Al-biruni. English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
[16]
Nāgārjuna Venna. Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks (PDF). JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N3156. 2006-09-14 [2009-09-03]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2010-12-24）.

外部連結

Useful and authenticated information about Telugu （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Telugu Association Inc. Sydney Australia. Celebration of Telugu Culture in Sydney （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Omniglot - Telugu script （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[1] [1]
Bhat, Raghunath. PALAEOGRAPHIC ART OF INDIA AND SOUTH EAST ASIA. IGNCA. 2001 [2007-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月27日）.

[2] [2]
Telugu script details (PDF). [2010-04-10]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2007-09-26）.

[3] [3]
Antiquity of Telugu language and script: http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[4] [4]
Ananda Buddha Vihara 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-09-30.

[5] [5]
The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-04）.

[6] [6]
My Thais - Sepia Mutiny. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2010-01-24）.

[7] [7]
Balinese alphabet, language and pronunciation. [2010-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2007-03-09）.

[8] [8]
The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228

[9] [9]
Vishwabharath by K. N. Murthy and G. U. Rao, http://tdil.mit.gov.in/TelugulScriptDetailsApr02.pdf （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[10] [10]
Indiain Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.40, ISBN 0195099842

[11] [11]
Indian Epigraphy by Dineschandra Sircar, Motilal Banarsidass, 1996, p.46, ISBN 8120811666

[12] [12]
The Dravidian Languages by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, 2003, Cambridge University Press, pp.78-79, ISBN 0521771110

[13] [13]
Comparative Dravidian linguistics: Current perspectives by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0198241224

[14] [14]
K. Raghunath Bhat, 存档副本. [2007年7月19日]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月27日）.

[15] [15]
Al-biruni. English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'. New Delhi: National Book Trust.

[16] [16]
Nāgārjuna Venna. Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks (PDF). JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N3156. 2006-09-14 [2009-09-03]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2010-12-24）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[1]

[2]