沙巴摩洛襲擊

沙巴摩洛襲擊是1962年至今，在馬來西亞沙巴發生的一系列來自菲律賓摩洛人的攻擊。許多平民這些事故中死亡或遭遇，引起沙巴土著人民之間增加了抗菲律賓情緒。^[62][63]

沙巴摩洛襲擊
莫洛衝突的一部分
19世紀至今沙巴摩洛海盜和武裝分子的襲擊
日期 1962 年 12 月 8 日[17] – 至今 (61年11個月又5天) 地點 馬來西亞沙巴 結果 沙巴局勢得到控制，跨境襲擊持續發生； 在費迪南德·馬科斯的指示下入侵沙巴的「獨立」行動未能實施，馬科斯士兵在賈比達大屠殺中處決了一些摩洛人戰士後，菲律賓南部開始叛亂。 2001年，馬來西亞武裝部隊發現努·密蘇阿里在反抗菲律賓政府失敗後為了躲避菲律賓當局而非法滯留在沙巴的一個島嶼上，之後在東盟友好關係下被驅逐到菲律賓。[18][19] 沙巴非法移民皇家調查委員會於2012年成立，當時沙巴有大量逃離戰亂的棉蘭老島和蘇祿群島的菲律賓非法移民滲透到沙巴。 2013 年，沙巴州數千名菲律賓非法移民被發現在與賈馬魯爾·基拉姆三世追隨者的短暫對峙中與武裝分子勾結，隨後被驅逐出境。 [20][21] 2013 年成立沙巴東部安全司令部和沙巴東部安全區，以打擊菲律賓武裝分子的進一步滲透，並防止菲律賓非法移民大規模逃往沙巴。[22][23] 由於阿布沙耶夫的持續襲擊，沙巴州於 2016 年 4 月 7 日至 2017 年 2 月 1 日期間停止東部水域的跨境貿易。[24][25][26] 馬來西亞、菲律賓和印度尼西亞政府簽署了一項協議，共同打擊蘇祿群島持續存在的違法行為。[27][28]
參戰方
馬來西亞  沙巴  菲律賓 (after 1986)[1]  印度尼西亞[2]  越南[3]  新加坡[4]  泰國[5] 支持  澳洲 (1963–66) (部隊和物資援助)  新西蘭 (1963–66) (部隊和物資援助)  英國 (until 1966) (部隊和物資援助)  汶萊 (物資援助)[6][7][8][9][10] 邦薩莫洛民兵支持: 莫洛伊斯蘭解放陣線[11] 莫洛民族解放陣線[12][13]	阿布沙耶夫 (2000 年–至今) 摩洛海盜 (1963 年–至今)  蘇祿蘇丹國 (2013 年–至今) 支持: 菲律賓（至 1986 年） 莫洛民族解放陣線 (2001–2015)[14][15][16]
指揮官與領導者
Anwar Ibrahim (Prime Minister of Malaysia) Mohamad Hasan (Minister of Defence) Hajiji Noor (Chief Minister of Sabah) Joko Widodo (President of Indonesia) Murad Ebrahim[29] Mohagher Iqbal[11] Muslimin Sema[30] Former leader PM full list 東姑阿都拉曼 (1962–1970) # 敦阿都拉薩 (1970–1976) # 馬哈迪·穆罕默德 (1981–2003) 阿都拉·巴達威 (2003–2009) 納吉·阿都拉薩 (2009–2018) 馬哈迪·穆罕默德 (2018–2020) 慕尤丁·雅辛 (2020–2021) 依斯邁沙比里 (2021-2022) CM full list Fuad Stephens  † Peter Lo Sui Yin # Mustapha Harun # Mohamed Said Keruak 哈里斯沙烈 Joseph Pairin Kitingan Sakaran Dandai Salleh Said Keruak Yong Teck Lee Bernard Giluk Dompok Osu Sukam Chong Kah Kiat Musa Aman Shafie Apdal PR full list Corazon Aquino (deceased)[31] Fidel V. Ramos[32][33] Joseph Estrada[34] Gloria Macapagal Arroyo[32] Benigno Aquino III[1] Rodrigo Duterte PR full list Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[35]	Radullan Sahiron (current Emir of Abu Sayyaf) # Abdurajak Janjalani  † Khadaffy Janjalani  † Isnilon Totoni Hapilon  † Phudgal Kiram[36] (Raja Muda of the Sulu Sultanate) Various pirates leader Jamalul Kiram III # Agbimuddin Kiram # Ismael Kiram II[36] # Former support Diosdado Macapagal #[37] Ferdinand Marcos #[38] Nur Misuari (2001–2015)[14][15][16][39][40]
參戰單位
NSOF: Malaysian Armed Forces Royal Malaysia Police Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency British coalition (until 1966)  澳洲[41]  新西蘭海軍[42][43] British troops and navy Armed Forces of the Philippines Philippine National Police Indonesian National Armed Forces Indonesian National Police	Abu Sayyaf Moro Pirates Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo
兵力
Malaysian security forces: Malaysian Army 6000+ troops[44] 18 ACV-300 Adnan IFV 12 DefTech AV8 AFV Some of AV4 Lipanbara MRAP Some of Condor APC Royal Malaysian Air Force A squadron of BAE Hawk 3 F/A-18D Hornet Some of Eurocopter EC725 Royal Malaysian Navy Some of ships from Eastern Fleet British coalition (until 1966) Australian forces 「HMAS」號Tobruk[41] 「HMAS」號Sydney (R17) New Zealand forces Patrol ships[42] British forces Thousands British troops Philippine security forces: uncertain Indonesian security forces: uncertain Law abiding Moro rebels: uncertain	Abu Sayyaf: unknown Kiram followers: 235[45] Moro Pirates: unknown
傷亡與損失
Malaysian security forces: ≈12+ deaths[46][47][48] and 13 wounded[47][49] recorded British coalition (until 1966) uncertain Philippine security forces: uncertain[note 1] Indonesian security forces: uncertain Law abiding Moro rebels: uncertain[note 2]	Abu Sayyaf: ~estimated 21+ killed[49][50][51][52][53][54] 3 wounded[49][55][56] +10 captured Kiram followers: 58 killed[47][57] 3 wounded[47] Moro Pirates: Hundreds killed[50]
平民傷亡 ~估計超過 50 人被殺[46][47][58][59][60][61] ~估計 23 人受傷[47][60]

參考

1. Ubac, Michael Lim. Aquino: I won't allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. 7 March 2013 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於24 July 2014）. President Aquino said in a statement, 'I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this – this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right… which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.' He also added 'Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).』
2. Febrianto. Indonesia Tak Boleh Tunduk Terhadap Terorisme Abus Sayyaf! [Indonesia Cannot Bow to Terrorism of Abu Sayyaf!]. Rima News. 29 March 2016 [30 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於25 April 2016） （印度尼西亞語）.
3. Vietnamese ships to get piracy warnings. Vietnam News Agency. Vietnam Net. 4 May 2016 [4 September 2016]. （原始內容存檔於4 September 2016）.
4. Lim Yan Liang. Eng Hen: Joint Sulu Sea patrols a welcome initiative to tackle terror. The Straits Times. 6 June 2016 [14 June 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-02）.
5. Ruksith Sitthitool. Thailand to be invited by Malaysia as observers for Sulu Sea Patrol. Thai Tribune. 20 April 2016 [14 June 2017]. （原始內容存檔於30 January 2019）.
6. Ranjit Singh. Brunei, 1839–1983: the problems of political survival. Oxford University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-19-582571-8.
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10. Marcel Burger. Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia. AIRheads. 23 January 2015 [24 January 2015]. （原始內容存檔於24 January 2015）.
11. Iqbal: Sabah better off under Malaysia. The Manila Times. 14 April 2015 [15 April 2015]. （原始內容存檔於4 June 2015）.
12. MNLF strongly condemns terrorist acts in eastern Sabah. The Brunei Times. Bernama. 8 March 2013 [28 September 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2 October 2016）.
13. Dharel Placido. Misuari wants meeting with Duterte in Malaysia. ABS-CBN News. 31 August 2016 [28 September 2016].
14. Teoh El Sen. MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction. Astro Awani. 14 March 2013 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於5 July 2014）.
15. Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid. Bernama. MySinChew English. 16 July 2014 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於16 July 2014）.
16. Karlos Manlupig. MNLF denies talks with Malaysia over Sabah. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 17 May 2015 [18 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔於17 May 2015）. Misuari, who is hiding after the hostilities in Zamboanga in 2013, maintains his position that only the Sultanate of Sulu can pursue the negotiations for the Sabah claim. Respecting the fervent wish of the late Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Kiram III to let alone the Islamic Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (SSNB) to negotiate peacefully with the Muslim leaders of Malaysia to settle the controversial issue in order not to repeat the March 2013 Lahad Datu, Sabah incident, Chairman Misuari has dismissed the media reports as unfounded and without any ounce of truth involving the MNLF in any level talks. The MNLF, however, asserted that the Sabah case is a non-issue because it is the "home-base for different tribal groupings of Muslims from different regions of Southeast Asia that have enjoyed peaceful and harmonious co-existence with the Chinese and Christian populace in the area.
17. CAPTAIN THE HON. HENRY KEPPEL, R.N. THE EXPEDITION TO BORNEO OF H.M.S. DIDO FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF PIRACY. Chapman and Hall. 1846: 214–.
18. Philippines rebel leader arrested. BBC News. 25 November 2001 [26 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於26 September 2015）. Malaysia's Inspector-General of Police Norian Mai said Mr Misuari and six of his followers were arrested at 3.30 am on Saturday (1930 GMT Friday) on Jampiras island off Sabah state. Manila had ordered his arrest on charges of instigating a rebellion after the government suspended his governorship of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao, the ARMM. Although the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Malaysia, the authorities have already made clear that they intend to hand Mr Misuari over to the authorities in Manila as soon as possible. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad had said before the arrest that, although his country had provided support to the rebel group in the past in its bid for autonomy, Mr Misuari had not used his powers correctly. "Therefore, we no long feel responsible to provide him with any assistance," he said.
19. Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 December 2001 [8 July 2014]. （原始內容存檔於5 July 2014）.
20. Jaymalin, Mayen. Over 26,000 Filipino illegal migrants return from Sabah. The Philippine Star. ABS-CBN News. 25 March 2014 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-01）.
21. Gindol, Kanul. 'Localised' illegal immigrants helping 'foreign' relatives in Sabah. The Ant Daily. 31 May 2014 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於3 June 2014）.
22. Vanar, Muguntan. Lahad Datu: Ops Daulat officially ends today. The Star. 29 June 2013 [11 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於30 October 2013）.
23. ESSCOM will continue to hold programmes on security within ESSZONE. New Sabah Times. 22 October 2013 [26 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於29 June 2014）.
24. Ruben Sario. Sabah ceases cross-border trade. The Star. 7 April 2016 [24 November 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-02）.
25. Ruben Sario. Sabah to lift barter trade ban in east coast from Feb 1. The Star. 17 January 2017 [1 February 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-07）.
26. Antonio L. Colina IV. Cross border trade between Malaysia and ARMM's island provinces to reopen on Feb. 1. Minda News. 25 January 2017 [1 February 2017]. （原始內容存檔於1 February 2017）.
27. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines agree to intensify maritime security. Antara. 15 July 2016 [28 September 2016].
28. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines: Maritime Cooperation Agreement Finalized. Stratfor. 2 August 2016 [28 September 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-05-10）.
29. Moro refugees, immigrants in Sabah should return, develop homeland – Kurup. The Borneo Post. Bernama. 21 January 2013 [20 September 2013].
30. John Unson. Sema calls for sobriety, prudence among Moro groups. The Philippine Star. 11 March 2013 [28 September 2016].
31. Aquino to meet heirs of sultan on Sabah. Manila Standard. 16 April 1989 [6 July 2015].
32. Marites Dañguilan Vitug. Sabah, Ramos and Arroyo. Rappler. 11 March 2013 [27 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於27 September 2015）.
33. FVR to PNoy: Meet with Sultan Kiram to address Sabah conflict. GMA News. 6 March 2013 [27 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於27 September 2015）.
34. Jurgen Haacke. ASEAN's Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects. Routledge. 13 May 2013: 187–. ISBN 978-1-136-13146-2.
35. President Yudhoyono hopes Sabah problem to be resolved soon. Balita. 9 March 2013 [14 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於22 April 2019）.
36. Rashvinjeet S. Bedi. Self-styled Sulu Sultan names Phugdal to be Raja Muda. The Star. 27 January 2015 [27 January 2015].
37. Durian Amina Rasul. Basis of the Sabah claim. The Manila Times. 14 May 2009 [19 June 2015].
38. Marcos order: Destabilize, take Sabah. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2 April 2000 [19 June 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-11）.
39. Duterte: Misuari wants amnesty for Abu Sayyaf. ABS-CBN News. 28 September 2016 [30 September 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-30）.
40. Nestor Corrales. Misuari accuses Malaysia of using Moro people in kidnap-for-ransom activities. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 3 November 2016 [4 November 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-11-04）.
41. Ian Pfennigwerth. Tiger Territory: The Untold Story of the Royal Australian Navy in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1971. Rosenberg. 2008: 69–. ISBN 978-1-877058-65-3.^{[失效連結]}
42. New Zealand. Registrar-General's Office; New Zealand. Census and Statistics Dept; New Zealand. Dept. of Statistics. New Zealand official yearbook. New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand. 1957.
43. New Zealand. Dept. of External Affairs. External Affairs Review. 1963.
44. Army strength in Sabah at the optimum level. Daily Express. 9 September 2015 [9 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於24 September 2015）.
45. Abigail C. Kwok. Sulu Governor: No MNLF rescue mission for Filipinos in Sabah. Inter Aksyon. 10 April 2013 [8 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於7 November 2014）.
46. Policeman dies in shootout with pirates. New Sunday Times. 24 September 1985 [9 September 2015].
47. Kronologi pencerobohon Lahad Datu [Chronology of Lahad Datu invasion] (video). Astro Awani. 事件發生在 1:20. 15 February 2014 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-02） （馬來語）.
48. Malaysian cop killed, another kidnapped in Sabah. One News. Television New Zealand. 13 July 2014 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-15）.
49. Malaysia security forces shoot dead 3 suspected kidnappers in Sabah waters. The Straits Times. The Star/Asia News Network. 9 December 2016 [9 December 2016].
50. Ramli Dollah. Lanun atau Mundu di Sabah [Pirates or Mundu in Sabah] (PDF). University of Malaya: 176, 178 and 180 (6, 8 and 10). 9 December 2004 [5 November 2014]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於30 October 2014） （馬來語）.
51. Charles Ramendran. Intruder shot dead in boat off Semporna. The Sun. 26 October 2014 [5 November 2014].
52. 1 killed, 11 from southern PHL arrested off Sabah after boat chase – report. GMA News. 17 May 2015 [18 May 2015].
53. Police shoot dead Filipino wanted criminal in shootout. Bernama. The Sun. 29 September 2017 [16 October 2017].^{[失效連結]}
54. Avila Geraldine. Gunman killed in shootout with security forces linked to KFR and Abu Sayyaf groups. New Straits Times. 4 December 2017 [4 December 2017]. （原始內容存檔於4 December 2017）.
55. Alleged Pinoy intruder shot at PHL-Malaysian border —report. GMA News. 5 September 2014 [5 November 2014].
56. Two gunmen on the loose in Malaysia with hostage in tow. The Straits Times. The Star/Asia News Network. 9 December 2016 [9 December 2016].
57. Muguntan Vanar. Sabah police chief: Penampang robbers were Sulu militants. The Star. 5 November 2014 [5 November 2014].
58. Major incidences of Sabah cross-border crimes. The Star. [6 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於23 July 2014）.
59. Stefan Eklöf. Pirates in Paradise: A Modern History of Southeast Asia's Maritime Marauders. NIAS Press. 1 January 2006: 38–. ISBN 978-87-91114-37-3.
60. Masayuki Doi. Filipino pirates wreak havoc in a Malaysian island paradise. The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 October 1985 [5 November 2014].
61. Abu Sayyaf behind Taiwanese man's murder, wife's kidnapping, police say. Taipei Times. 17 November 2013 [5 November 2014].
62. Marcos order: Destabilize, take Sabah. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2004月2日 [2016年9月12日]. （原始內容存檔於2016年5月9日）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
63. Masayuki Doi. Filipino pirates wreak havoc in a Malaysian island paradise. The Sydney Morning Herald. 1985年10月30日 [2016年9月12日]. （原始內容存檔於2016年4月29日）.

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