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水的電離,或稱水的自偶電離,可以簡化為兩個水分子互相反應,生成一個水合氫離子和一個氫氧根離子的過程,屬於水的質子自遷移反應。反應方程為:

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化學平衡

水的電離是可逆的,其平衡常數

該平衡常數隨溫度壓力的增加而增加。

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