氟磺酸鹽

氟磺酸鹽是氟磺酸的鹽，含有SO₃F⁻離子。氟磺酸根可以看作是硫酸氫根的一個羥基被氟取代而成的離子。^[1]氟磺酸根離子與金屬陽離子形成配合物的傾向較低。由於氟的大小和氧相似，氟磺酸根基本是四面體形的，類似於高氯酸根。它和硫酸氫根 HSO−
4是等電子體。^[2] 如果氟磺酸的氫原子被替換成有機基團，就會形成氟磺酸酯（英語：Fluorosulfonate）。

氟磺酸鹽
英文名	Fluorosulfate
識別
CAS號	15181-47-2  Y
性質
化學式	SO3F−
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

在溶液中，氟磺酸根會完全電離。這個離子的體積為 47.8 cm³/mol。^[3]大部分金屬和季銨鹽都可以形成氟磺酸鹽。^[3]氟磺酸鹽可以由金屬氯化物和無水氟磺酸反應而成，並放出氯化氫。複分解反應製備法包括金屬硫酸鹽和氟磺酸鋇的反應，或是金屬氯化物和氟磺酸銀的反應，會留下沉澱。^[3]

氟磺酸根的配位性很弱，且難以氧化。它在歷史上作為很重要的非配位陰離子模型。然而，到了21世紀，氟硫酸鹽在這種用途中被BARF（英語：Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate）取代了。^[2]

很多二元氟磺酸鹽是已知的。非金屬氟磺酸鹽包括鹵素和氙的氟磺酸鹽。^[2]一些三元氟磺酸鹽也是已知的，包括 Cs[Sb(SO₃F)₆]、Cs[Au(SO₃F)₄]和 Cs₂[Pt(SO₃F)₆]^[2]。

相關的離子化合物有氟代硒酸鹽 SeO₃F⁻ 和氟代亞硫酸鹽 SO₂F⁻。^[4]氟化硫酸鹽（英語：sulfate fluorides）則是另外一類化合物，它們的氟離子沒有和硫酸根連接。

reederite-(Y)（英語：reederite-(Y)）是一種含有氟磺酸根的天然礦物。它是一種混合陰離子化合物（英語：mixed anion compound），其中也存在着碳酸根和氯離子。^[5]

化合物列表

化學式	名稱	顏色	分解溫度（°C）	分解產物	晶體結構	參考資料
LiSO3F	氟磺酸鋰				C2/m a=8.54 b=7.62 c=4.98 β=90.0 V=81	[1]
Be(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈹			SO3		[6]
CF3(SO3F)	氟磺酸三氟甲酯					[6]
CF2(SO3F)2						[6]
CF(SO3F)3						[6]
C(SO3F)4	氟磺酸碳					[6]
NH4SO3F	氟磺酸銨				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.97 b=6.00 c=7.54 V=101.4 Z=4	[1]
N(CH3)4SO3F	四甲基氟磺酸銨				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.38 b=8.38 c=5.86 V=102.88 Z=4	[1]
NOSO3F	氟磺酸亞硝酰		熔點 156		密度 1.96	[4][7]
NO2SO3F	氟磺酸硝酰					[7]
S2O6F2	過氧化氟磺酰					[2]
NaSO3F	氟磺酸鈉				六方晶系 a=5.4812 b=5.4812 c=6.5172 V=169.57 Z=2 密度 2.390	[1]
Mg(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鎂			SO3		[4]
Al(SO3F)2.3CH3CN						[8]
Al(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鋁	白色			聚合物，氟磺酸根是二齒橋接配體	[9]
Si(SO3F)4	氟磺酸矽			S2O5F2 SiO2		[4]
PO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸磷(V)酰			S2O5F2		[4]
PO(SO3F)	氟磺酸磷(III)酰					[6]
ClSO3F	氟磺酸氯					[2]
ClO2SO3F	氟磺酸氯酰	紅或淺黃	低熔點			[10]
KSO3F	氟磺酸鉀				Pnma a=8.62 b=5.84 c=7.35 V=92.5	[1]
Ca(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈣			CaF2 SO3		[6]
Ti(SO3F)4	氟磺酸鈦			S2O5F2		[4]
VO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧釩	深紅色液體
CrO2(SO3F)2	氟磺酸氧鉻	綠或棕				[11]
Mn(SO3F)2	氟磺酸錳(II)					[6]
MnO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧錳(III)	深棕				[6]
Mn(SO3F)3	氟磺酸錳(III)					[12]
Mn(CO)4(SO3F)	四羰基氟磺酸錳					[12]
Mn(CO)5(SO3F)	五羰基氟磺酸錳					[12]
Rb2Mn(SO3F)5						[12]
Cs2Mn(SO3F)5						[12]
Fe(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鐵	灰綠色	230	S2O5F2 SO3 FeF3		[13]
CoO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧鉻	巧克力色				[6]
Ni(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鎳					[6]
Ni(py)4(SO3F)2 py=吡啶						[14]
NiO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧鎳	深灰色				[6]
Cu(SO3F)2	氟磺酸銅	淺黃或白	210	S2O5F2 SO3 CuSO4 CuF2		[13]
Cu(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine						[14]
Cu(SO3F).CH3CN						[8]
Zn(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鋅	白色	280	SO3 ZnF2		[13]
Zn(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine						[14]
Ga(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鎵	白色	240	SO3	聚合物	[15][16]
As(SO3F)3	氟磺酸砷			S2O5F2		[4]
AsF2(SO3F)3						[6]
AsF3(SO3F)2						[6]
BrSO3F	氟磺酸溴	紅色液體				[2]
RbSO3F	氟磺酸銣				正交晶系 Pnma a=8.7812 b=6.0318 c=7.5108 V=397.82 Z=4 密度 3.081	[1]
Sr(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鍶			SO2F2		[6]
MoO2(SO3F)2						[17]
Nb(SO3F)5	氟磺酸鈮	無色溶液	25	SO3		[18]
NbO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧鈮	黃色液體				[17]
Ru(SO3F)3	氟磺酸釕	非常深的紅				[19]
CsRu(SO3F)4		深棕色				[19]
ClO2Ru(SO3F)4		黑色				[19]
CsRu(SO3F)5		紅棕色				[19]
Cs2Ru(SO3F)6		亮橙色				[19]
K2Ru(SO3F)6		亮橙色				[19]
Rh(SO3F)3	氟磺酸銠	亮橙色	190			[20]
Pd(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈀(II)	紫色	250	SO3 PdF2		[21]
Pd(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鈀(III)	深棕色	180			[21]
Pd(CO)2(SO3F)2		黃色				[22]
c-Pd2(μ-CO)2](SO3F)2		橙色			單斜晶系 C2/c a=11.495 b=8.255 c=9.556 β =91.94 Z=8	[23]
AgSO3F	氟磺酸銀(I)				P21/m a=5.413 b=8.174 c=7.544 β=94.60 V=83.17 Z=4	[1]
Ag(SO3F)2	氟磺酸銀(II)	深棕色	室溫 >120時反應迅速	Ag3(SO3F)4 SO3F•	單斜晶系 a=10.5130 Å, b= 7.7524 Å, c = 8.9366 Å, β = 117.867° V =643.88 Å3, Z = 4 密度 3.15 gcm−3	[24]
Ag2O(SO3F)2		黑色				[6]
AgI2AgII(SO3F)4	氟磺酸銀(I,II)	黑色				[24]
KAgI2AgII(SO3F)5					正交晶系 P 2221, a = 6.4736 b = 7.3915 c = 17.7736	[25]
RbAgI2AgII(SO3F)5					正交晶系 P 2221, a = 6.4828 b = 7.3551c = 18.0262	[25]
RbAg(SO3F)3					單斜晶系 P 21/m , a = 15.815 b = 15.486 c = 17.021 β = 101.513	[25]
CsAg(SO3F)3					三斜晶系 P1_ , a = 14.9241 b = 9.7046 c = 17.8465 α = 109.116°, β = 84.655° γ = 119.171°	[25]
Cd(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鎘					[6]
In(SO3F)3	氟磺酸銦				聚合物	[26]
Sn(SO3F)4				S2O5F2		[4]
SbF4SO3F						[6]
Sb(SO3F)2.2CH3CN						[8]
Cs[Sb(SO3F)6]	六(氟磺酸根)合銻(V)酸銫				三方晶系 R3̄ a = 12.0317 Å, c = 12.026 Å, Z = 3	[27]
TeF5SO3F						[6]
ISO3F	氟磺酸碘					[28]
ICl2SO3F						[28]
IBr2SO3F		鏽棕色	90	ISO3F, Br2		[28]
IO2SO3F	氟磺酸碘酰	黃色	100			[29]
IF3(SO3F)2	二(氟磺酸根)三氟化碘					[4]
FXe(SO3F)						[6]
Xe(SO3F)2	氟磺酸氙(II)					[2]
F5Xe(SO3F)	氟磺酸五氟化氙					[6]
CsSO3F	氟磺酸銫				l41/a a=5.611 b=5.611 c=14.13 V=111.3 Z=4	[1]
Cs[H(SO3F)2]	氟磺酸氫銫					[27]
Ba(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鋇			BaSO4 SO2F2		[6]
Ho(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鈥					[30]
Ta(SO3F)5	氟磺酸鉭	無色溶液				[18]
TaO(SO3F)3	氟磺酸氧鉭	黃色液體				[17]
WO(SO3F)4	四(氟磺酸根)氧鎢	無色液體				[17][31]
ReO2(SO3F)3	三(氟磺酸根)二氧錸	白色固體				[17]
ReO3(SO3F)	氟磺酸三氧錸	黃色液體				[17]
Re(CO)5(SO3F)						[12]
Os(SO3F)3		亮綠色	130			[20]
Ir(SO3F)3	氟磺酸銥(III)					[32]
Ir(SO3F)4	氟磺酸銥(IV)					[33]
Cs2Ir(SO3F)6						[33]
BaIr(SO3F)6						[33]
(ClO2)2Ir(SO3F)6						[33]
mer-Ir(CO)3(SO3F)3		無色			單斜晶系 P21/c, Z = 4, a = 8.476 b = 12.868 c = 12.588 β = 108.24°, V = 1304.0	[32]
Pt(SO3F)4	氟磺酸鉑					[22]
Cs2[Pt(SO3F)6]	六(氟磺酸根)合鉑(IV)酸銫					[27]
Pt(CO)2(SO3F)2		奶油色				[22]
AuICO(SO3F)						[22]
AuII(SO3F)2	氟磺酸金(II)	黃紅色				[34]
AuIII(SO3F)3	氟磺酸金(III)					[22]
Cs[Au(SO3F)4]	四(氟磺酸根)合金(III)酸銫				單斜晶系 C2/c a = 17.725 Å, b = 5.822 Å, c = 14.624 Å, β = 102.120°, Z = 4	[27]
Hg(SO3F)2	氟磺酸汞				密度 3.715	[13]
TlSO3F	氟磺酸鉈(I)				正交晶系 a=5.2205 b=5.5141 c=13.4378 V=386.83 Z=4 密度 5.210	[1]
TlO(SO3F)	氟磺酸氧鉈(III)	棕色				[6]
Tl(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鉈(III)					[26]
Pb(SO3F)4	氟磺酸鉛(IV)					[18][35]
Bi(SO3F)3						[18][36]
Th(SO3F)4	氟磺酸釷					[18]
U(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈾(II)	黃色				[17]
U(SO3F)3	氟磺酸鈾(III)	綠色				[17]
U(SO3F)4	氟磺酸鈾(IV)	肉色				[18][37]
Na2U(SO3F)6						[17]
UO(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈾(IV)酰					[37]
UO2(SO3F)2	氟磺酸鈾(VI)酰					[37]

參考資料

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