柯倍德(J. Baird Callicott,1941年—),是美國哲學家,為環境哲學和倫理學的先鋒。柯倍德是北德克薩斯大學的教授,是哲學與宗教學系和應用科學研究所的成員。[1] 1969年至1995年間,柯倍德擔任威斯康星大學史蒂文斯角分校哲學與自然資源教授,於1971年開設世界上第一門環境倫理學課程[2] 。1994年至2000年間,擔任國際環境倫理學會副會長、主席。柯倍德亦曾客座耶魯大學、加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校、夏威夷大學、和佛羅里達大學。 [3]
利奧波德的《沙縣年鑑》是環境哲學的開創性著作。柯倍德,咸認是利奧波德土地倫理的主要倡議者[4]。柯倍德的作品《捍衛土地倫理》 (In Defense of the Land Ethic, 1989),探討利奧波德觀點的知識基礎,為其提供更完整的哲學處理;隨後出版的《超越土地倫理》(Beyond the Land Ethic,1999)進一步擴展利奧波德的環境哲學。柯倍德的《地球的洞察》( Earth's Insights ,1994)是比較環境哲學的重要作品。 柯倍德與羅伯·佛洛德曼共同主編2009年的《環境倫理與哲學百科全書》 [3]。
生平
1941年5月9日,柯倍德出生於田納西州的孟菲斯。父親是孟菲斯藝術學院(現在的孟菲斯藝術學院)藝術家。[5] 1959年,柯倍德畢業於孟菲斯時為種族隔離的梅西克高中,並就讀於孟菲斯西南大學(現為羅德學院) 。1963年,獲得榮譽哲學學士學位。 柯倍德獲得了伍德羅 · 威爾遜雪城大學研究生獎學金;1966年,取得哲學碩士學位;1972年,取得博士學位。[1] 論文為《柏拉圖的美學: 形型論的介紹》(Plato's Aesthetics: An Introduction to the Theory of Forms, 1971),時專注於古希臘哲學。
1966年,柯倍德在孟菲斯州立大學任教。1969年,柯倍德加入威斯康星州立大學史蒂文斯波因特分校哲學系。1960年代,作為黑人學生協會的教員顧問,在馬丁·路德·金在該地區最後一次競選期間,積極參與南方民權運動。 [6]
26 年來,柯倍德在威斯康星州沙縣北部生活和教書,該縣位於威斯康星河沿岸,距離利奧波德的傳奇小屋,以及繆爾在噴泉湖的家園僅九十英里。沙縣啟發兩位非常有影響力的環境思想家。柯倍德寫道,「這片風景幫助塑造和激發了年輕的繆爾和成年的利奧波德的新生進化性的生態思想,是我開創環境哲學終身志業的完美環境。」 [7] 1995年,柯倍德加入位於丹頓的北德克薩斯大學哲學與宗教研究系。1990年,第一個環境哲學研究生課程在北德克薩斯大學開辦,由哈格洛夫 (Eugene C. Hargrove) 主持。哈格洛夫是系主任,亦為《環境倫理》雜誌的創始編輯。 柯倍德的加入鞏固北德克薩斯大學作為環境倫理領域的領先地位。 [8]
作品
- Callicott, J. Baird, ed. (1987). Companion to A Sand County Almanac: Interpretive and Critical Essays. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-11230-6.
- Callicott, J. Baird (1989). In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-899-5ISBN 0-88706-899-5.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Roger T. Ames, eds. (1989). Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-950-9ISBN 0-88706-950-9.
- Flader, Susan L. and J. Baird Callicott (1991). The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-12760-5ISBN 0-299-12760-5.
- Zimmerman, Michael, ed.; J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen Warren, and John Clark, assoc. eds. (1993). Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-666959-XISBN 0-13-666959-X.
- Callicott, J. Baird (1994). Earth's Insights: A Multicultural Survey of Ecological Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to Australian Outback. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08559-0ISBN 0-520-08559-0.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Fernando J. R. da Rocha, eds. (1996). Earth Summit Ethics: Toward a Reconstructive Postmodern Philosophy of Environmental Education. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-3053-7ISBN 0-7914-3053-7.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Michael P. Nelson, eds. (1998). The Great New Wilderness Debate. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-1983-XISBN 0-8203-1983-X.
- Zimmerman, Michael, ed.; J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen Warren, and John Clark, assoc. eds. (1998). Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Social Ecology, 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-778366-3ISBN 0-13-778366-3.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Eric T. Freyfogle, eds. (1999). For the Health of the Land: Previously Unpublished Essays and Other Writings on Conservation by Aldo Leopold. Washington: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-763-3ISBN 1-55963-763-3.
- Callicott, J. Baird (1999). Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-4084-2ISBN 0-7914-4084-2.
- Zimmerman, Michael, ed.; J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen Warren, and John Clark, assoc. eds. (2001). Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology, 3rd edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-028913-2ISBN 0-13-028913-2.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Michael P. Nelson (2004). American Indian Environmental Ethics: An Ojibwa Case Study. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-043121-4ISBN 0-13-043121-4.
- Zimmerman, Michael, ed.; J. Baird Callicott, Karen Warren, Irene Kaver, and John Clark, assoc. eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Social Ecology, 4th edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-112695-4ISBN 0-13-112695-4.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Clare Palmer, eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, Values and Ethics, volume 1. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32647-8ISBN 0-415-32647-8 / ISBN 0-415-32646-X (five-volume set).
- Callicott, J. Baird and Clare Palmer, eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, Society and Politics, volume 2. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32648-6ISBN 0-415-32648-6 / ISBN 0-415-32646-X (five-volume set).
- Callicott, J. Baird and Clare Palmer, eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, Economics and Policy, volume 3. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32649-4ISBN 0-415-32649-4 / ISBN 0-415-32646-X (five-volume set).
- Callicott, J. Baird and Clare Palmer, eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, Issues and Applications, volume 4. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32650-8ISBN 0-415-32650-8 / ISBN 0-415-32646-X (five-volume set).
- Callicott, J. Baird and Clare Palmer, eds. (2005). Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, History and Culture, volume 5. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-34145-0ISBN 0-415-34145-0 / ISBN 0-415-32646-X (five-volume set).
- Nelson, Michael P. and J. Baird Callicott, eds. (2008) The Wilderness Debate Rages On: Continuing the Great New Wilderness Debate. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-2740-9ISBN 0-8203-2740-9.
- Callicott, J. Baird and Robert Frodeman, eds.-in-chief (2009). Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-866137-7ISBN 978-0-02-866137-7 (set); ISBN 978-0-02-866138-4 (volume 1); ISBN 978-0-02-866139-1 (volume 2); ISBN 978-0-02-866140-7 (ebook).
- Callicott, J. Baird (2009). Genèse (French translation of 「Genesis and John Muir」 with an Afterword by Catherine Larrère). Marseille: Editions Wildproject L'écologie culturelle/Cultural ecology. ISBN 9782918490029ISBN 9782918490029.
- Callicott, J. Baird (2009). 山內、村上監訳『地球の洞察』 2009年, みすず書房、東京 or Chikyu no Dosatsu (Japanese translation of Earth's Insights by T. Yamauchi, Y. Murakami et al.). Tokyo: Misuzu‐shobo. ISBN 978-4-622-08165-4ISBN 978-4-622-08165-4.
- Callicott, J. Baird (2010). Éthique de la Terre. Paris: Éditions Wildproject, Collection Domaine Sauvage. ISBN 978-2-918490-06-7ISBN 978-2-918490-06-7.
- Callicott, J. Baird and James McRae, eds. (2014). Environmental Philosophy in Asian Traditions of Thought. Albany: State University of New York. ISBN 978-1-4384-5201-2ISBN 978-1-4384-5201-2.
參見
參考
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