擬合優度(英語:goodness of fit)描述了統計模型中對一組觀測值的擬合程度。擬合優度的度量通常總結觀察值與相關模型下預期值之間的差異。這些措施可用於統計假設檢驗,例如檢驗殘差的正態性,檢驗兩個樣本是否來自相同的分佈(參見柯爾莫哥洛夫-斯米爾諾夫檢驗),或者結果頻率是否遵循指定的分佈(參見皮爾遜卡方檢驗)。用某分佈或分佈族刻畫給定數據是否合適的程度就是擬合優度,其檢驗方法就是擬合優度檢驗[1]。
在方差分析中,方差被劃分成的分量之一可能是失擬平方和。對於擬合優度常見檢測方法有:
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