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此條目介紹的是在
珞巴族多個部落中相當廣泛使用的一支語言。關於屬於該語支的
珞巴族登尼部的語言,請見「
登尼語」。
達尼語支(Tani languages),又稱米里語支、崩尼-博嘎爾語,是藏緬語族的一個支系,分佈在喜馬拉雅山東麓,有60萬人使用。是認阿巴達尼爲老祖的珞巴族所通用的語言(方言族)或語支(語言族)。使用這些語言的人分成很多部落,他們互相之間或不能通話,或需經磨合後才能通話,所以語言學家多把這些方言當作不同的語言。
Quick Facts 達尼語支, 地理分佈 ...
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目前對達尼語支語言的研究還不夠充分。Van Driem參考部落的劃分給出如下的分類:
- Milang
- 巴達姆:巴達姆、民榮、希蒙
- 尼西:尼西、德根、崩尼、納、尼蘇(「山地米里」)
- 迦龍:迦龍、Pailibo、Ramo、博嘎爾
- 登尼語(Tanii)(或「阿帕塔尼語」)
達尼語支和東邊的義都-達讓語支有一些相似之處,但這些相似點可能是長期接觸的結果。
有22個單輔音,有清濁對立的塞音和塞擦音,無送氣音,及3個顎化的唇音。50個韻母,其中單元音14個,有長短之分,有鼻音、塞音和顫音韻尾。音節結構比較簡單。無聲調。
詞彙多為多音節詞,有大量構詞詞頭。有較多藏語借詞和一定數量的漢語借詞。
動詞的體等語法意義主要通過虛詞和語序表達。人稱代詞的格用詞根屈折變化表達。
- Bradley, David, 1997. "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification." In David Bradley, ed. Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas. Canberra, Australian National University Press: 1–72. ISBN 978-0-85883-456-9.
- James A. Matisoff, 2003. The Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction. Berkeley, University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09843-5.
- van Driem, George, 2001. Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12062-4.
- Post, Mark, 2006. "Compounding and the structure of the Tani lexicon (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 29 (1): 41–60.
- Post, Mark, 2011. "Isolate substrates, creolization and the internal diversity of Tibeto-Burman." Workshop on The Roots of Linguistic Diversity. The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Australia, June 9–10.
- Post, Mark, 2012. "The language, culture, environment and origins of Proto-Tani speakers: What is knowable, and what is not (yet)." In T. Huber and S. Blackburn, Eds. Origins and Migrations in the Extended Eastern Himalayas. Leiden, Brill: 161–194. ISBN 978-90-04-22691-3.
- Post, Mark W. and Roger Blench, 2011. "Siangic: A new language phylum in North East India (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)." 6th International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistics Society, Tezpur University, Assam, India, January 29 – February 2.
- Sun, Tianshin Jackson, 1993. A Historical–Comparative Study of the Tani (Mirish) Branch in Tibeto-Burman. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Berkeley, University of California PhD Dissertation.