安東尼奧·奈格里(意大利語:Antonio Negri;1933年8月1日—2023年12月16日)是一位意大利馬克思主義社會學家和政治哲學家,他以著作《帝國》和對斯賓諾莎的研究而出名。
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1933年8月1日出生於意大利帕多瓦 ,他在家鄉的大學成為了一名政治哲學教授。奈格里於1969年創辦了工人力量組織(Potere Operaio)而且成為著名的「自治行動」(Autonomia Operaia)的領軍人物。作為最受歡迎的工人主義和自治主義理論家之一,他出版了極有影響力的書籍,力倡「革命意識」。
他在20世紀70年代末被指控多項罪名,包括成為左翼游擊隊組織紅色旅的策劃者,參與了1978年5月綁架意大利兩屆總理阿爾多·莫羅和基督教民主黨領袖以及其他人。 他被誤認為是代表無線電通信局進行了一次威脅電話,但是法院無法最終證明此事。奈格里與左翼極端主義共謀的問題是一個有爭議的話題。 他被指控犯有多項罪名,包括「反政府叛亂」(後來被撤銷的指控),並因參與兩起謀殺案而被判刑。[9]
奈格里逃到法國,在那裏,受密特朗法案(the Mitterrand doctrine)的保護,他與雅克·德里達、米歇爾·福柯和吉爾·德勒茲一起在巴黎第八大學和國際哲學學院(Collège international de philosophie)任教。1997年,在辯訴之後,他把服刑時間從30年縮短到13年,回到意大利服刑。他的許多有影響力的著作都是在他入獄的時候出版的。他和妻子現在居住在威尼斯和巴黎,他的妻子是法國哲學家朱狄特·勒韋爾(Judith Revel)。
2023年12月16日,奈格里在巴黎逝世,享年90歲。[10]
奈格里與米高·哈特合作:
- 《狄俄尼索斯的勞動:對國家形式的批判》(Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State-Form,1994)
- 《帝國》(Empire, 2000)
- 《諸眾》(Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire,2004)
- 《大同世界》 (Commonwealth, 2011)
Negri, Antonio: The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics. Translated from the Italian by Michael Hardt. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991). Originally published as L'anomalia selvaggia: Saggio su potere e potenza in Baruch Spinoza (Milano: Feltrinelli, 1981). Antonio Negri (1981): "This work [The Savage Anomaly] was written in prison. And it was also conceived, for the most part, in prison. Certainly, I have always known Spinoza well. Since I was in school, I have loved the Ethics (and here I would like to fondly remember my teacher of those years). I continued to work on it, never losing touch, but a full study required too much time. [...] Spinoza is the clear and luminous side of Modern philosophy. [...] With Spinoza, philosophy succeeds for the first time in negating itself as a science of mediation. In Spinoza there is the sense of a great anticipation of the future centuries; there is the intuition of such a radical truth of future philosophy that it not only keeps him from being flattened onto seventeenth-century thought but also, it often seems, denies any confrontation, any comparison. Really, none of his contemporaries understands him or refutes him. [...] Spinoza's materialist metaphysics is the potent anomaly of the century: not a vanquished or marginal anomaly but, rather, an anomaly of victorious materialism, of the ontology of a being that always moves forward and that by constituting itself poses the ideal possibility for revolutionizing the world."
Ruddick, Susan (2010), 'The Politics of Affect: Spinoza in the Work of Negri and Deleuze,'. Theory, Culture & Society 27(4): 21–45
Grattan, Sean (2011), 'The Indignant Multitude: Spinozist Marxism after Empire,'. Mediations 25(2): 7–8
Duffy, Simon B. (2014), 'French and Italian Spinozism,'. In: Rosi Braidotti (ed.), After Poststructuralism: Transitions and Transformations. (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 148–168
Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Empire (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press, 2000), § 3.4.
Elsa Romeo, La Scuola di Croce: testimonianze sull'Istituto italiano per gli studi storici, Il Mulino, 1992, p. 309.