石鱉是軟體動物門多板綱(學名:Polyplacophora)物種的通稱,又名石鱉綱(Loricata[1]),約有900多個物種[2]。其特徵為內圈一般都有八片緊鄰排列之硬殼,外圈則是肌肉組織。
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石鱉為海生軟體動物,大部分物種生活在潮間帶和潮下帶淺水區的岩石上,常可在退潮後的潮間帶岩石上見到,但也有一些物種生活在較深海域[3]。可以食用。
現時本綱物種的分類基本上依從Sirenko (2006)的分類,大致如下[4]:
- 多板綱 Polyplacophora de Blainville, 1816
- 古石鱉亞綱 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- Order Chelodida Bergenhayn, 1943
- Order Septemchitonida Bergenhayn, 1955
- 新石鱉亞綱 Neoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- 石鱉目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板綱中絕大多數的種類,例如:花斑銼石鱉。
- 毛膚石鱉亞目 Acanthochitonina
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 毛膚石鱉科 Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Cryptoplacidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Family Hemiarthridae Sirenko, 1997
- Family Makarenkoplacidae Sirenko & Dell'Angelo, 2015 †
- Superfamily Mopalioidea Dall, 1889
- 石鱉亞目 Chitonina
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Callistoplacidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Callochitonidae Plate, 1901
- Family Chaetopleuridae Plate, 1899
- 石鱉科 Chitonidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 薄石鱉科 Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Loricidae Iredale & Hull, 1923
- Family Spinochitonidae Dell'Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018 †
- Superfamily Schizochitonoidea Dall, 1889
- Schizochitonidae Dall, 1889
- 鱗側石鱉目 Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909:例如鱗側石鱉(Lepidopleurus)。
- 毛膚石鱉亞目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:體呈長形或橢圓形,大小不一。例如:紅條毛膚石鱉
- Family Abyssochitonidae Dell'Angelo & Palazzi, 1989
- 漢利石鱉科 Hanleyidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- 鱗側石鱉科 Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Nierstraszellidae Sirenko, 1992
- Family [[Protochitonidae Ashby, 1925}} †
- 目地位未定(Incertae sedis)
- Family Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Olingechitonidae Starobogatov et Sirenko, 1977
- Family Haeggochitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- Family Ivoechitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Polyplacophora. MolluscaBase. 2009-01-30 [2018-11-09] –透過WoRMS.
Sirenko, B.I. New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus. 2006, 65 (1-2): 27–49 (英語).