塞雷爾人(法語:Sérères;英語:Serer people),西非民族,依人口計算是塞內加爾的第三大民族,占塞內加爾人口的15%[4]。在岡比亞北部和毛里塔尼亞南部也有分佈[5]。
Quick Facts 塞雷爾人, 總人口 ...
Close
塞雷爾人的祖先來自塞內加爾和毛里塔尼亞邊界的塞內加爾河河谷地區,在11世紀至12世紀南遷,15世紀至16世紀因戰亂和宗教壓力再度南遷[6][7][8]。傳統上從事定居農業,精於農耕和移牧式畜牧[7][9]。
塞雷爾人在歷史上長期實行母系制度,抗拒伊斯蘭教傳播,在19世紀起先後和西非的伊斯蘭教聖戰者和法國殖民者對抗[10][11][12]。然而到20世紀,絕大部分塞雷爾人都皈依伊斯蘭教,以蘇菲派為主[13][10]。和塞內加爾的其他民族相似,塞雷爾人的社會也存在着基于氏族內婚和奴隸制度的階級分野[14][15][16]。
Agence Nationale de Statistique et de la Démographie. Estimated figures for 2007 in Senegal alone
Galvan, Dennis Charles, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004 p. 51
Natural Resources Research, UNESCO, Natural resources research, Volume 16, Unesco (1979), p. 265
Pierret, Paul, "Dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne", Imprimerie nationale 1875, p. 198-199 [in] Diop, Cheikh Anta, "Precolonial Black Africa", (trans: Harold Salemson), Chicago Review Press, 1988, p. 65
See Godfrey Mwakikagile in Martin A. Klein. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh at the University Press (1968)
Danielle Resnick. Urban Poverty and Party Populism in African Democracies. Cambridge University Press. 2013: 165. ISBN 978-1-107-65723-6., Quote:"One reason for the low salience of ethnic identity is because, like some other West African societies, many ethnic groups in Senegal are structured by caste. For example, the Wolof, Serer, and Pulaar-speaking Toucouleur are all caste societies."
Tal Tamari. The Development of Caste Systems in West Africa. The Journal of African History (Cambridge University Press). 1991, 32 (2): 221–250. JSTOR 182616. doi:10.1017/s0021853700025718., Quote: "[Castes] are found among the Soninke, the various Manding-speaking populations, the Wolof, Tukulor, Senufo, Minianka, Dogon, Songhay, and most Fulani, Moorish and Tuareg populations, (...) They are also found among (...) and Serer groups."