管蛛科(學名:Corinnidae),中國大陸稱之為圓顎蛛科[1][2]或圓額蛛科[3],是蛛形綱蜘蛛目新蛛亞目之下的一個科。如同其他「袋蛛類」物種,本科的分類過往亦一直很混亂。過往,本科物種均為大型廢紙桶分類袋蛛科的蜘蛛,但現時科內大多數物種均已獨立出去,使袋蛛科餘下的物種只有很少。本科原來的成員在形態學上顯然是相似的,但只限於下列三項:
- 牠們均有排列成兩列的八隻眼;
- 有圓錐形的前噴絲頭觸;以及
- 通常是遊蕩的掠食者,在植物的末端、葉片之間、樹皮底下或岩石底下結成絲般的休息處或囊。
除了袋蛛科本身,就連管蛛科之下的兩個亞科後來也獨立出去成為各自一個科,就是 刺足蛛科跟氣管蛛科。除去這兩個亞科之後,本科還有67個屬、720個物種,分佈於世界各地[4]。當中最常見的屬為純蛛屬,在全世界均有分佈。這種蜘蛛的獨特處在於其外型會模仿螞蟻及蟻蜂。其他形態上類似螞蟻的管蛛科物種還有:Mazax、Myrmecium及Myrmecotypus三個屬的物種。Corinna屬是本科的模式屬,是一個體型細小的蜘蛛分類。
分類
截至2019年4月[update],World Spider Catalog接納本科包含下列各屬[4]:
- Abapeba Bonaldo, 2000 — South 美國, 巴拿馬, 加勒比, 墨西哥
- Aetius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 — 亞洲、科特迪瓦
- Aetius bicuspidatus Yamasaki, 2020
- Aetius decollatus O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896[5]
- Aetius maculatus L.Zhang, Mu & F.Zhang, 2022
- Aetius nocturnus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
- Aetius tuberculatus (Haddad, 2013)
- Allomedmassa Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 — 馬來西亞, 泰國, 中國
- Alterphrurolithus Wunderlich, 2004
- Alterphrurolithus longipes Wunderlich, 2004
- Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 — South America, Africa, Asia
- Arushina Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania
- Arushina dentichelis Caporiacco, 1947
- Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1925 — Brazil, Argentina
- Austrophaea Lawrence, 1952 — South Africa
- Battalus Karsch, 1878 — 澳大利亞
- Brachyphaea Simon, 1895 — Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique
- Cambalida Simon, 1910 — 非洲, 印度
- 純蛛屬 Castianeira Keyserling, 1879:分佈於亞洲、北美洲、中美洲、古巴、南美洲、非洲及歐洲。
- Castoponera Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — 印度尼西亞,馬來西亞
- Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 — 非洲,亞洲
- Copa Simon, 1886 — 斯里蘭卡,非洲,澳大利亞
- Copuetta Haddad, 2013 — 非洲
- Corinna C. L. Koch, 1841 — Caribbean, South America, Africa, Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, Pakistan
- Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 — Asia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Africa
- Creugas Thorell, 1878 — Mexico, South America, Myanmar, Australia, Central America
- Crinopseudoa Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 — Guinea, Liberia
- Cycais Thorell, 1877 — 印度尼西亞,日本
- Disnyssus Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, 非洲
- Ecitocobius Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1998 — Brazil
- Erendira Bonaldo, 2000 — Venezuela, Panama, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Falconina Brignoli, 1985 — South America, Panama, Cuba, United States
- Graptartia Simon, 1896 — Morocco, Algeria
- Hortipes Bosselaers & Ledoux, 1998 — 非洲
- Humua Ono, 1987 — Japan
- Ianduba Bonaldo, 1997 — 巴西、阿根廷
- Iridonyssus Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Kolora Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Leichhardteus Raven & Baehr, 2013 — 澳大利亞
- Leptopicia Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Mandaneta Strand, 1932 — 加納,剛果
- Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 — North America, Jamaica, Central America, 阿根廷
- Medmassa Simon, 1887 — 亞洲,大洋洲
- Megalostrata Karsch, 1880 — Cuba, Mexico, Panama
- Melanesotypus Raven, 2015 — 所羅門群島
- Merenius Simon, 1910 — 非洲,也門
- Messapus Simon, 1898 — 非洲
- Methesis Simon, 1896 — 南美
- Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 — 南美, 特立尼達
- Myrmecium amphora Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium bifasciatum Taczanowski, 1874
- Myrmecium bolivari Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium bonaerense Holmberg, 1881
- Myrmecium camponotoides Mello-Leitão, 1932
- Myrmecium carajas Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium carvalhoi Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium catuxy Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium chikish Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium cizauskasi Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium coutoi Silva-Junior & Bonaldo, 2019
- Myrmecium dacetoniforme Mello-Leitão, 1932
- Myrmecium deladanta Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium diasi Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium erici Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium ferro Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium fuscum Dahl, 1907
- Myrmecium girafales Silva-Junior & Bonaldo, 2019
- Myrmecium indicattii Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium latreillei (Lucas, 1857)
- Myrmecium lomanhungae Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium luepa Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium machetero Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium malleum Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017[6]
- Myrmecium monacanthum Simon, 1897
- Myrmecium nogueirai Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium oliveirai Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium oompaloompa Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium otti Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium pakpaka Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium quasimodo Silva-Junior & Bonaldo, 2019
- Myrmecium raveni Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium reticulatum Dahl, 1907
- Myrmecium ricettii Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium rufum Latreille, 1824
- Myrmecium souzai Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium tanguro Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium tikuna Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium trifasciatum Caporiacco, 1947
- Myrmecium urcuchillay Silva-Junior & Bonaldo, 2019
- Myrmecium urucu Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecium viehmeyeri Dahl, 1907
- Myrmecium yamamotoi Candiani & Bonaldo, 2017
- Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 — North America, Argentina, Central America
- Nucastia Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Nyssus Walckenaer, 1805 — 澳大利亞, 新西蘭, 斐濟
- Olbus Simon, 1880 — 智利
- Ozcopa Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Parachemmis Chickering, 1937 — 巴拿馬, 南美
- Paradiestus Mello-Leitão, 1915 — 巴西
- Paramedmassa Jin, H. Zhang & F. Zhang, 2019 — 泰國,老撾,中國
- Poecilipta Simon, 1897 — 澳大利亞
- Pranburia Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 — 亞洲
- Procopius Thorell, 1899 — 非洲
- Pronophaea Simon, 1897 — 南非
- Psellocoptus Simon, 1896 — 委內瑞拉
- Pseudocorinna Simon, 1910 — 非洲
- Scorteccia Caporiacco, 1936 — 利比亞
- Septentrinna Bonaldo, 2000 — 美國,墨西哥, 危地馬拉
- Serendib Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — 泰國,印度尼西亞
- Simonestus Bonaldo, 2000 — 南美洲、中美洲、墨西哥
- Sphecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 — Asia, Nicaragua, Brazil
- Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 — South America
- Tapixaua Bonaldo, 2000 — Brazil, Peru
- Ticopa Raven, 2015 — 澳大利亞
- Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 — Brazil, Venezuela, Panama
- Vendaphaea Haddad, 2009 — South Africa Wasaka
- Wasaka Haddad, 2013 — Africa
- Xeropigo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 — South America, Trinidad, United States
參考文獻
外部連結
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