兒童白血病是一類造血系統惡性腫瘤性疾病，白血病的發生是由於骨髓中的造血細胞出現異常的分裂增殖，形成白血病細胞，從而導致白血病。兒童白血病的病因通常和染色體及基因變異有關，很多患兒在出生時就已經攜帶了疾病相關的變異。但兒童白血病並非遺傳性疾病，其相關的變異基本上是由於發育過程中的異常引起。[1][2]
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