酷兒

酷兒（英語：Queer）是一個傘式術語，是對所有性取向非異性戀以及性別認同非二元性別或非順性別的人的統稱。這個詞最初的意思是「奇怪的」或「奇特的」，在19世紀後期，酷兒開始被用來貶低那些有同性慾望或關係的人。從 1980 年代後期開始，酷兒活動家，例如酷兒國度（英語：Queer Nation）的成員，開始重新使用這個詞作為對LGBT社區更同化分支的故意挑釁和政治激進的替代品^[1]^[2]。

在21世紀，酷兒越來越多地用於描述廣泛的非規範性和性別認同以及政治^[3]。酷兒理論和酷兒研究等學術領域普遍反對性別二元論、性別規範性和對交叉性的意識缺失。酷兒藝術、酷兒文化團體和酷兒政治團體是酷兒身份現代表達的例子。

使用該術語的批評者包括LGBT社區的成員，他們更多地將這個術語與其口語化的貶義用法聯繫在一起^[4]，希望與酷兒激進主義分離的人^[5]，以及將其視為無定形和時尚的人^[6]。酷兒有時會擴展到包括任何非規範性行為，包括順性別酷兒異性戀，儘管有些人認為這種使用是挪用^[7]。

參考文獻

[1]
Queer Nation. Queers Read This. June 1990 [2021-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-17）.
[2]
Sycamore, Mattilda Bernstein. That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation illustrated, revised. Counterpoint Press. 2008: 1 [11 March 2015]. ISBN 9781593761950. Willful participation in U.S. imperialism is crucial to the larger goal of assimilation, as the holy trinity of marriage, military service and adoption has become the central preoccupation of a gay movement centered more on obtaining straight privilege than challenging power^{[失效連結]}
[3]
queer. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.
[4]
Wisegeek, "Is Queer a Derogatory Word?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Retrieved 29 January 2014.
[5]
Gamson, Joshua. Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma. Social Problems. August 1995, 42 (3): 390–407. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z.
[6]
Phillip Ayoub; David Paternotte. LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?. Palgrave Macmillan. 28 October 2014: 137–138 [2021-06-29]. ISBN 978-1-137-39177-3. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-16）.
[7]
Mortimer, Dora. Can Straight People Be Queer? - An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?. Vice Media. 9 Feb 2016 [2018-12-12]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-15）.

外部連結

酷兒花園（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
台灣酷兒權益推動聯盟（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

參見

[QN1-1] [1]
Queer Nation. Queers Read This. June 1990 [2021-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-17）.

[Sycamore-2] [2]
Sycamore, Mattilda Bernstein. That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation illustrated, revised. Counterpoint Press. 2008: 1 [11 March 2015]. ISBN 9781593761950. Willful participation in U.S. imperialism is crucial to the larger goal of assimilation, as the holy trinity of marriage, military service and adoption has become the central preoccupation of a gay movement centered more on obtaining straight privilege than challenging power^{[失效連結]}

[oed-3] [3]
queer. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.

[WG-4] [4]
Wisegeek, "Is Queer a Derogatory Word?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Retrieved 29 January 2014.

[Gamson-5] [5]
Gamson, Joshua. Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma. Social Problems. August 1995, 42 (3): 390–407. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z.

[AyoubPaternotte2014-6] [6]
Phillip Ayoub; David Paternotte. LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?. Palgrave Macmillan. 28 October 2014: 137–138 [2021-06-29]. ISBN 978-1-137-39177-3. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-16）.

[appropriation-7] [7]
Mortimer, Dora. Can Straight People Be Queer? - An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?. Vice Media. 9 Feb 2016 [2018-12-12]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-15）.

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