硬顎近音(voiced palatal approximant),又叫硬顎無擦通音,是輔音的一種,用於一些口語中,也是閉前不圓唇元音的介音版本。硬顎無擦通音在國際音標的符號是⟨j⟩,X-SAMPA音標的符號則是⟨j⟩。
特徵
硬顎無擦通音的特徵:
該音見於漢語
普通話中有此音,是開首為[i]的複韻母中[i]的一個弱化讀法,如「有(yǒu)」,原來讀[ʔiɤʊ214],因[i]弱化可能成為[jɤʊ214]。
粵語中有此音,出現在字首和字尾,如「醫[jiː55]」、「李[lej35]」。
該音見於其他語言
英語中此音以字母y表示,如yes。留意y有時會表示元音而非此音,如happy、mayday。
極少數來自古日耳曼語的詞彙,用字母j表示此音,如Hallelujah、fjord,而j在絕大多數情況下的音值為/dʒ/。
德語和絕大部分中歐和東歐的語言一樣,以字母j表示此音,如jung(年輕的)。
芬蘭語中亦會以j表示此音,但在一些口音中字母j亦會用在表示硬顎化的輔音。
日耳曼語族中以j表示此音的的語言普遍不再用j標示其他音。但瑞典語卻例外,如果 j 和 t 一同出現,成 tj 的話,會讀成 [t̠ɕ]、[ɕ] 或 [ç](視乎口音而定)。
世界語中此音只會用j表示,j不用作標示其他音(因為世界語是人工語言),如jes(是)。
參考文獻
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參見
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