龜甲形連環盾

龜甲形連環盾，簡稱龜甲陣，羅馬人廣泛採用的一種獨有自創戰術；士兵將他們的盾牌連接起來容儼如龜殼，士兵龜縮在殼內，藉此抵禦敵人的襲擊。此戰術的缺點是行軍速度較慢，而且無法一方面攻擊一方面防禦。^[1]

參考

[1]
Simkin, John. Military Tactics of the Roman Army. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd. September 1997 [June 4, 2021]. A modern reconstruction of Roman soldiers in the testudo (tortoise) formation.

Bachrach, David S. Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-84383-762-6.
Bradbury, Jim. The Medieval Siege. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0851153575.
Cowan, Ross, Roman Battle Tactics 109BC - AD313 (Osprey 2007)
Rance, Philip, 「The Fulcum, the Late Roman and Byzantine Testudo: the Germanization of Roman Infantry Tactics?」 in Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 44 (2004) pp. 265–326
Plutarch, Roman Lives, ed. Robin Waterfield ISBN 978-0-19-282502-5
Dio Cassius, Roman History Book 49, 30 ed. Loeb Classical Library ISBN 0-674-99091-9

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