零極子(nullator)為電子學中理想的非線性非時變單埠網絡,端點之間的電流電壓均為零。零極子同時具有短路(電壓為零)及開路(電流為零)的特性,同時是電壓源也是電流源[1]

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零極子電路符號

在電路中加入一個零極子類似增加一個電路需滿足的「限制條件」,強迫電路調整其他元件的電壓及電流以滿足此一條件。例如有負回授的理想運算放大器輸入就類似零極子,沒有輸入電流,輸入的二端子電壓差為零,因此這些條件可以用來分析輸算放大器週邊的電路。

零極子可以和任意子(norator,電壓及電流為任意值的元件)配對,以形成零任偶(Nullor)。

若零極子和任意子並聯,結果類似短路(零電壓,電流為任意值)。若零極子和任意子串聯,結果類似開路(零電流,電壓為任意值)。

延伸閱讀

  • P. Kumar and Raj Senani, `Bibliography on nullors and their use in circuit analysis, synthesis and design', Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 33, No.1, pp. 65–76, October 2002.
  • Raj Senani, A. K. Singh, Pragati Kumar, R. K. Sharma,`Nullors, Their Bipolar and CMOS Implementations and Applications in Analog Circuit Synthesis and Design', pp. 31–59, Chapter 2 in `Integrated Circuits for Analog Signal Processing', Springer, 2013.

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