阿爾岡昆語族（英語：Algonquian languages）是美洲原住民語言的一支，是阿爾吉克語系下最主要的一個語族。使用者從北美洲東岸一直延伸到落基山脈。大約2,500到3,000年前，人們使用了該語族所有語言的祖語——原始阿爾岡昆語。對於使用該語言的地方，學術界還沒有達成共識。語族下不少語言處於瀕危，有一些已經消亡。
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