蕩婦羞辱

蕩婦羞恥（英語：slut shaming）是用來描述導致一個人（尤其是女性）因自己的某種性行為或性慾背離了傳統的性別期望或外觀期望而感到羞恥或低人一等的行為^[1]^[2]^[3]。這個詞常指他人使用蕩婦（英語：Slut）或其他類似羞辱性詞彙，妨礙女性對自身性別形成自主看法的行為^[3]。

女性遭到「蕩婦羞恥」的情形的例子有：衣着性感從而違反了公認的着裝守則、要求避孕^[4]^[5]^[6]、婚前性行為、休閒性行為、從事性工作、被強姦或性騷擾。

參考文獻

[1]
Brian N. Sweeney. Slut Shaming. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender. Sage Publications. 2017 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-4833-8426-9. doi:10.4135/9781483384269. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-12）.
[2]
Jaclyn Friedman. What You Really Really Want: The Smart Girl's Shame-Free Guide to Sex and Safety. Da Capo Press. 2011: 200 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-58005-430-0. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-22）. As we explored in chapter 2, 'slut-shaming' is an umbrella term for all kinds of language and behaviors that are intended to make women and girls feel bad about being sexual.
[3]
Jessalynn Keller. Girls' Feminist Blogging in a Postfeminist Age. Routledge. 2015: 93 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-317-62776-0. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-22）. The phrase [slut-shaming] became popularized alongside the SlutWalk marches and functions similarly to the 'War on Women,' producing affective connections while additionally working to reclaim the word 'slut' as a source of power and agency for girls and women.
[4]
Lamb, Sharon. The 'Right' Sexuality for Girls. Chronicle of Higher Education. 27 June 2008, 54 (42): B14–B15 [2014-08-04]. ISSN 0009-5982. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-22）. In Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality (Harvard University Press, 2002), Deborah L. Tolman complained that we've "desexualized girls' sexuality, substituting the desire for relationship and emotional connection for sexual feelings in their bodies." Recognizing that fact, theorists have used the concept of desire as a way to undo the double standard that applauds a guy for his lust, calling him a player, and shames a girl for hers, calling her a slut.
[5]
Albury, Kath; Crawford, Kate. Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond Megan's Story. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 18 May 2012, 26 (3): 463–473. doi:10.1080/10304312.2012.665840. Certainly the individualizing admonishment to 'think again' offers no sense of the broader legal and political environment in which sexting might occur, or any critique of a culture that requires young women to preserve their 'reputations' by avoiding overt demonstrations of sexual knowingness and desire. Further, by trading on the propensity of teenagers to feel embarrassment about their bodies and commingling it with the anxiety of mobiles being ever present, the ad becomes a potent mix of technology fear and body shame.
[6]
Legge, Nancy J.; DiSanza, James R.; Gribas, John; Shiffler, Aubrey. "He sounded like a vile, disgusting pervert..." An Analysis of Persuasive Attacks on Rush Limbaugh During the Sandra Fluke Controversy. Journal of Radio & Audio Media. 2012, 19 (2): 173–205. doi:10.1080/19376529.2012.722468. It is also possible that the Limbaugh incident has turned "slut-shaming," or other similar attacks on women, into a "Devil-term." It may be possible that Limbaugh's insults were so thoroughly condemned that he and others (such as Bill Maher) will have a more difficult time insulting women who are not virgins, or attacking them in other sexist ways.

參見

[Sweeney-1] [1]
Brian N. Sweeney. Slut Shaming. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender. Sage Publications. 2017 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-4833-8426-9. doi:10.4135/9781483384269. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-12）.

[Friedman-2] [2]
Jaclyn Friedman. What You Really Really Want: The Smart Girl's Shame-Free Guide to Sex and Safety. Da Capo Press. 2011: 200 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-58005-430-0. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-22）. As we explored in chapter 2, 'slut-shaming' is an umbrella term for all kinds of language and behaviors that are intended to make women and girls feel bad about being sexual.

[Keller-3] [3]
Jessalynn Keller. Girls' Feminist Blogging in a Postfeminist Age. Routledge. 2015: 93 [2018-04-22]. ISBN 978-1-317-62776-0. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-22）. The phrase [slut-shaming] became popularized alongside the SlutWalk marches and functions similarly to the 'War on Women,' producing affective connections while additionally working to reclaim the word 'slut' as a source of power and agency for girls and women.

[Lamb_B14–B15-4] [4]
Lamb, Sharon. The 'Right' Sexuality for Girls. Chronicle of Higher Education. 27 June 2008, 54 (42): B14–B15 [2014-08-04]. ISSN 0009-5982. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-22）. In Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality (Harvard University Press, 2002), Deborah L. Tolman complained that we've "desexualized girls' sexuality, substituting the desire for relationship and emotional connection for sexual feelings in their bodies." Recognizing that fact, theorists have used the concept of desire as a way to undo the double standard that applauds a guy for his lust, calling him a player, and shames a girl for hers, calling her a slut.

[5] [5]
Albury, Kath; Crawford, Kate. Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond Megan's Story. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 18 May 2012, 26 (3): 463–473. doi:10.1080/10304312.2012.665840. Certainly the individualizing admonishment to 'think again' offers no sense of the broader legal and political environment in which sexting might occur, or any critique of a culture that requires young women to preserve their 'reputations' by avoiding overt demonstrations of sexual knowingness and desire. Further, by trading on the propensity of teenagers to feel embarrassment about their bodies and commingling it with the anxiety of mobiles being ever present, the ad becomes a potent mix of technology fear and body shame.

[limbaugh-6] [6]
Legge, Nancy J.; DiSanza, James R.; Gribas, John; Shiffler, Aubrey. "He sounded like a vile, disgusting pervert..." An Analysis of Persuasive Attacks on Rush Limbaugh During the Sandra Fluke Controversy. Journal of Radio & Audio Media. 2012, 19 (2): 173–205. doi:10.1080/19376529.2012.722468. It is also possible that the Limbaugh incident has turned "slut-shaming," or other similar attacks on women, into a "Devil-term." It may be possible that Limbaugh's insults were so thoroughly condemned that he and others (such as Bill Maher) will have a more difficult time insulting women who are not virgins, or attacking them in other sexist ways.

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