纓小蜂科(Mymaridae)也被稱為仙女蜂科(fairy wasp或fairyfly)，是小蜂總科下的一個科，遍佈世界溫帶和熱帶區域。纓小蜂科包含100個屬和1400個物種。
體型
同大多是小蜂總科的生物一樣，纓小蜂科的昆蟲都十分微小，通常只有0.5至1.0 mm（0.020至0.039英寸）長。 纓小蜂科包含目前已知的最小昆蟲，體長只有0.139 mm（0.0055英寸）。最小的飛蟲也屬於纓小蜂科，體長為0.15 mm（0.0059英寸）。纓小蜂科通常為黑色、棕色或黃色。雌性觸角明顯地呈片段型的傾斜，而雄性觸角則是線狀的。它們的翅膀一般是細長的，具有長鬃毛，看起來呈羽毛狀，但也有的物種擁有很短的翅膀或完全沒有翅膀。通過頭部縫線的H形圖案可以區別纓小蜂科與其他小蜂總科生物。
特性
纓小蜂科是小蜂總科下最常見的一個科，但它們由於體型十分微小所以難以被人注意到。它們的一生十分短暫，通常只有幾天。所有的纓小蜂科生物都是擬寄生物，它們寄生在其他昆蟲的卵裏面，很多物種都已被成功地用來做生物防治。
纓小蜂科的化石來源於早期白堊紀的阿爾布期。它們是目前已知的唯一來源於白堊紀的小蜂總科生物，因此它們被認為是最原始的小蜂總科生物。
分類
纓小蜂科最初由愛爾蘭昆蟲學家亞力山大·亨利·哈利迪於1833年創立。哈利迪的兩位親密朋友約翰·柯蒂斯和弗朗西斯·沃克，也是受人尊敬的昆蟲學家，他們在19世紀早期的膜翅目昆蟲研究中具有很深的影響力。[1][2]
屬
有 † 標誌的為已經滅絕的屬
- Acanthomymar Subba Rao, 1970
- Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946
- Acmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Agalmopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Alaptus Ferrière, 1930
- Allanagrus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Allarescon Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Anagroidea Girault, 1915
- Anagrus Haliday, 1833
- Anaphes Haliday, 1833
- Anneckia Subba Rao, 1970
- Apoxypteron Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Arescon Walker, 1846
- Australomymar Girault, 1929
- Baburia Hedqvist, 2004
- Bakkendorfia Mathot, 1966
- Boccacciomymar Triapitysn & Berezovskiy, 2007
- Borneomymar Huber, 2002
- Boudiennyia Girault, 1937
- Bruchomymar Ogloblin, 1939
- Caenomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Callodicopus Ogloblin, 1955
- Camptoptera Förster, 1856
- Camptopteroides Viggiani, 1974
- Caraphractus Walker, 1846
- Ceratanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Chaetomymar Ogloblin, 1946
- Chrysoctonus Mathot, 1966
- Cleruchoides Lin & Huber, 2007
- Cleruchus Enock, 1909
- Cnecomymar Ogloblin, 1963
- Cremnomymar Ogloblin, 1952
- Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Dicopomorpha Ogloblin, 1955
- Dicopus Enock, 1909
- Dorya Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Entrichopteris Yoshimoto, 1990
- Eofoersteria Mathot, 1966
- Erdosiella Soyka, 1956
- Erythmelus Enock, 1909
- Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972
- Eucleruchus Ogloblin, 1940
- Eustochomorpha Girault, 1915
- Eustochus Haliday, 1833
- Formicomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Gahanopsis Ogloblin, 1946
- Ganomymar De Santis, 1972
- Gonatocerus Nees, 1834
- Haplochaeta Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Himopolynema Taguchi, 1977
- Idiocentrus Gahan, 1927
- Ischiodasys Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Kalopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Kikiki Huber & Beardsley, 2000
- Kompsomymar Lin & Huber, 2007
- Krokella Huber, 1993
- Kubja Subba Rao, 1984
- Litus Haliday, 1833
- Macrocamptoptera Girault, 1910
- Malfattia Meunier, 1901
- Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Mymar Curtis, 1829
- Mymarilla Westwood, 1879
- Myrmecomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Narayanella Subba Rao, 1976
- Neolitus Ogloblin, 1935
- Neomymar Crawford, 1913
- Neostethynium Ogloblin, 1964
- Neserythmelus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Nesomymar Valentine, 1971
- Nesopatasson Valentine, 1971
- Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto, 1970
- Omyomymar Schauff, 1983
- Ooctonus Haliday, 1833
- Palaeoneura Waterhouse, 1915
- Palaeopatasson Witsack, 1986
- Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Paranaphoidea Girault, 1913
- Parapolynema Fidalgo, 1982
- Parastethynium Lin & Huber in Lin, Huber & La Salle, 2007
- Platyfrons Yoshimoto, 1990
- Platypolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946
- Polynema Haliday, 1833
- Polynemoidea Girault, 1913
- Polynemula Ogloblin, 1967
- Prionaphes Hincks, 1961
- Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Pseudocleruchus Donev & Huber, 2002
- Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt, 1961
- Restisoma Yoshimoto, 1990
- Richteria Girault, 1920
- Schizophragma Ogloblin, 1949
- Scleromymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Steganogaster Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Stephanocampta Mathot, 1966
- Stephanodes Enock, 1909
- Stethynium Enock, 1909
- Tanyostethium Yoshimoto, 1990
- Tetrapolynema Ogloblin, 1946
- Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes, 2013
- Zelanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
這些是已經滅絕的屬，通過分析其化石從而被歸類於纓小蜂科:[5][6]
- †Carpenteriana Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Enneagmus Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Eoanaphes Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
- †Eoeustochus Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
- †Macalpinia Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Myanmymar Huber in Huber & Poinar, 2011
- †Triadomerus Yoshimoto, 1975
參見
參考
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
