類固醇生成酶

類固醇生成酶類（英語：Steroidogenic enzymes）是指一大類涉及甾體激素生物合成與代謝的酶類^[2][3][4][5]。這些酶參與合成的甾體激素包括性激素類（雄激素、雌激素、孕激素）和腎上腺皮質激素類（糖皮質激素和鹽皮質激素，以及由膽固醇生成的神經甾體^[3][4][5]。類固醇生成酶在涉及類固醇生成的組織，如睾丸、卵巢、腎上腺皮質里有很高的表達，但也存在於身體的其他組織^[3][4][5]。

甾體激素的生物合成^[1]

類固醇生成酶類列表

• 甾體碳鏈裂解酶類
  • 膽固醇側鏈裂解酶（20,22-碳鏈裂解酶）– 甾體合成
  • 17,20-裂解酶（17,20-碳鏈裂解酶）–雄激素合成
• Steroid hydroxylases
  • 11β-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
  • 17α-羥化酶 – 雄激素與糖皮質激素生成
  • 18-Hydroxylase (aldosterone synthase) – mineralocorticoid synthesis
  • 21-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis
  • 其它細胞色素P450氧化酶（如CYP1、2、3）– 雌激素代謝
• 羥基類固醇脫氫酶類（也即酮類固醇還原酶類）
  • 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis and metabolism
  • 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ^5-4-isomerase (1, 2) – androgen, progestogen, and neurosteroid synthesis
  • 11β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶（1、2）– 腎上腺皮質激素合成與代謝
  • 17β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶（1–15）– 三種性激素的合成與代謝
  • 20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase – progestogen synthesis and metabolism
  • 20β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶 – 孕激素的合成與代謝

甾體激素各個碳原子的編號

• 甾體還原酶類
  • 5α還原酶（1、2、3）– 雄激素與神經甾體生成，孕激素代謝
  • 5β還原酶 – 雄激素和孕激素代謝，神經甾體生成
• Conjugation (and deconjugation)
  • Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT2Bs) – steroid metabolism^[6]
  • Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis^[7]
  • Steroid sulfotransferase (SULT1A1, 1E1, 2A1, 2B1a, 2B1b) – steroid metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis^[8]
  • Steroid sulfatase – steroid synthesis, neurosteroid metabolism^[8]
• 其它
  • 芳香化酶（雌激素合成酶，CYP19A1）合成雌激素

另見

參考文獻

1. Häggström, Mikael; Richfield, David. Diagram of the pathways of human steroidogenesis. WikiJournal of Medicine. [2019-06-28]. doi:10.15347/wjm/2014.005. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-28） （英語）.
2. Hanukoglu I. Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Dec 1992, 43 (8): 779–804. PMID 22217824. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5.
3. Payne AH, Hales DB. Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocr. Rev. 2004, 25 (6): 947–70. PMID 15583024. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0030.
4. Luu-The V, Labrie F. The intracrine sex steroid synthesis pathways. Prog. Brain Res. 2010, 181: 177–92. PMID 20478438. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81010-2.
5. Honour JW. Diagnosis of diseases of steroid hormone production, metabolism and action. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009, 1 (5): 209–26. PMC 3005746 . PMID 21274298. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v1i5.209.
6. Guillemette C, Lévesque E, Harvey M, Bellemare J, Menard V. UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication. Drug Metab. Rev. 2010, 42 (1): 24–44. PMID 19857043. doi:10.3109/03602530903210682.
7. William Fishman. Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis, Volume II. Elsevier. 2 December 2012: 1–. ISBN 978-0-323-14308-0.
8. Mueller JW, Gilligan LC, Idkowiak J, Arlt W, Foster PA. The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation. Endocr. Rev. 2015, 36 (5): 526–63. PMC 4591525 . PMID 26213785. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1036.