尼古丁依賴

尼古丁依賴^[1]（煙癮）是一種慢性、復發性疾病。患有此類疾病的患者會非常渴望服用尼古丁，並對尼古丁有害健康的問題視而不見^[2]。尼古丁是一種擬交感神經興奮劑^[3]，能附着在大腦中的尼古丁乙酰膽鹼受體上^[4]。由於長期使用尼古丁，大腦犒賞系統內的神經可塑性發生變化，因而產生尼古丁依賴^[1][5][6]世界上大約有9.76億煙民^[7]。隨着時間的推移，尼古丁依賴的嚴重程度會隨着一個人持續服用尼古丁而日益加深^[8]。

尼古丁依賴是一個嚴峻的公共衛生問題，因為煙草中含有大量尼古丁，而煙民數量龐大。截至2021年，世界上大約有9.76億煙民。此外焦慮症患者也越來越依賴尼古丁。^[9]因此尼古丁依賴是造成人類死亡的主要原因之一^[10]。

參考文獻

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