海參科（學名： Holothuriidae）是一個海參綱棘皮動物的科，舊屬楯手目[2]，今屬海參目[1]。
描述
海參科的成員有厚厚的肉質身體和幾排管足，用於四處移動和黏附在表面上。身體通常覆蓋着稱為乳突的鈍突起。本科許多成員都能夠噴射出大量被稱為居維氏管的細線來分散捕食者的注意力，甚至將它們的內臟翻過[3] 來。 For the taxonomic determination, the genera Actinopyga and Bohadschia have their spicules exclusively shaped like sticks, and the genera Holothuria and Labidodemas never have theirs shaped like tables. Actinopyga is also equipped with anal teeth (modified podia), and never throw out Cuvieran tubules, just like Pearsonothuria.
Members of this family occur throughout the oceans of the world at low to middle latitudes. They often live in 珊瑚礁s and nearby sandy habitat types, and a few occur in deeper waters. In the 印度洋-太平洋海域 they are often dominant taxa in coral reef habitat. Most species are 食碎屑動物s.[4]
分類
- 輻肛參屬 Actinopyga Bronn, 1860：有18個物種[1]，當中有兩個見於台灣[2]；
- 白尼參屬 Bohadschia Jaeger, 1833：有12個物種[1]，當中有兩個見於台灣[2]；
- 海參屬 Holothuria Linnaeus, 1767：約130個物種、18個亞屬[1]，當中見於台灣的有種[2]；
- 柄體參屬 Labidodemas Selenka, 1867：有八個物種[1]，不見於台灣，但有物種分佈於南中國海的海南島南部及西沙群島海域，以及西太平洋的印度尼西亞與薩莫亞群島、印度洋的馬達加斯加與馬爾代夫群島[5]；
- 皮氏海參屬 Pearsonothuria Levin in Levin, Kalinin & Stonik, 1984：只有一個物種，就是格皮氏海參[1][2]。舊屬海參屬或白尼參屬[6][7]。
圖庫
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Labidodemas rrugosum -
參考文獻
外部連結
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