最簡方案(Minimalist Program, MP)又稱最簡綱領[1]、極簡主義或微言主義,是語言學中諸多語法理論之一。由麻省理工大學教授喬姆斯基提出,旨在強調語言的機制應當精簡,在漢語語言學學界的應用仍處於探索階段。[2]
理論架構
喬姆斯基的最簡方案屬於其句法理論最後階段之(修正後)擴充式標準理論時期(REST)[3],其下再分數個領域[4][5]:
- a確認句首head:
- b預測句首:TRT&SF選擇屬性:
- b1塞塔角色&塞塔基準:
- b2未分配塞塔角色:
- b3選屬SF辭表LR:
- b4艾斯選屬SSF:
- c觸發合併TMыFC屬性確認:
- 4a第一併:補項
- 4b第二併:限項
- 4c附加詞Adjunction
- 4d動片架/動組構V-PhS
- 4e標槓論XBT
- W5.成份統/c統制
- 5a定義關係
- 5b反身綁定RB
- 5c負反極項NPI
- W6雙賓/雙及物di-transitives
- 6a三歧預測
- 6b三進or二進分支
- 6c二進制替代
- 6d使役&小v
- 6e鏈結linking
- 6f系統建置
- W7a已句首
- 7a1論式
- 7a2經驗性證據EE
- 7a3交互語證據CLE
- 7b時標記TM(要動mV、助A)
- 7c句首遷移HM
(否定、A2T、V2T、AňS)
- 7d做持DoSupport
(屬性、綴否定AN、綴時AT、時鏈TC)
- W8a主語遷移S-mov
(量縷QS、虛式構EC)
- 8b[格 (語法)|格位]論與擴投式CaseT&EPP
(主語、賓語屬配侷限、主語動詞呼應)
- 8c非賓格主語UnAccusativeS
(Ne附着化、通行期格/希伯來語)
- 8d被動、副詞、詞序移位WO-mov
- 如用於元音和諧
主要領域區分
X bar theory is one of the core frameworks in minimalist program. Some Chinese scholars like professozrs from Peking University, Beijing Language and Culture University, Taiwan Tsinghua University, etc. Some scholars like C.T.James Huang, Lisa Cheng, Tsai Weitian, etc.
(主要規則[8])
- 1.1 [VP [V'[PP] [AdvP]]]
- 1.2 [V'[V[VP] [[NP][PP][PP][S']][AdjP]]]
- 1.3 [PP [AdvP] [P']]
- 1.4 [P' [P] [NP]]
- 1.5 [NP [?[NP][QP]]N』]
- 1.6 [N' [?[AdjP][N']][?[N][PP*][(S』)]]
- 1.7 [QP Q』]
- 1.8 [Q』 Q]
- 1.9 [AdjP [Deg*][Adj']]
- 1.10 [Adj' [?[Adj][PP*]](?)]
- 1.11 [AdvP [Deg*][Adv']]
- 1.12 [Adv' Adv]
- 1.13 [S [NP] [VP]]
- 1.14 [S' [Comp] [S]]
- (一)格位分佈
- 動管(VG)名組(NP)取賓格(+[Acc])
- 介管(PG)名組(NP)取賓格(+{Acc])
- 名誌(N-specifier)取屬格(+[Geni])
- 帶時屈誌(Infl/tense-specifier)取主格(+[Nom])
- (二)格位檢驗
- (三)例外格ECM結構
多重特徵核查[9]
影響
參見
參考文獻
- Chomsky, Noam (1995) The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262531283
註釋
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