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史邁士
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
劉易斯·斯特朗凱西·史邁士(英語:Lewis Strong Casey Smythe[1],1901年1月31日—1978年6月1日),美國基督會傳教士,金陵大學社會學系教授,南京大屠殺見證者[2][3][4][5],南京安全區國際委員會成員和管理委員會秘書[6]。
生平
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史邁士早年生活於美國大瀑布城[7],高中畢業後,在牧場工作[8]。1918年就讀於德雷克大學(Drake University),1923年獲法學學士學位(英語:Bachelor of Science in Law)[8][7][5]。1927年3月獲芝加哥神學院(英語:University of Chicago Divinity School)實踐神學系碩士學位[9],1928年8月獲芝加哥神學院(英語:University of Chicago Divinity School)基督教神學與倫理系博士學位[10]。他也受到芝加哥大學的芝加哥學派教授的影響,尤其是歐內斯特·伯吉斯(英語:Ernest Burgess)和羅伯特·艾茲拉·帕克[11]。1928年,史邁士被印第安納波利斯基督會派往南京,擔任金陵大學社會學教授[7]。
1937年金陵大學西遷,史邁士與貝德士、林查理等人組成留守委員會留校看守[12][13]。南京大屠殺期間,史邁士擔任南京安全區國際委員會成員和管理委員會秘書[6][14][15],與約翰·拉貝一起記錄了日軍暴行,並與日本大使館交涉[15]。二戰結束後,前往遠東國際軍事法庭作證。
1951年,在中國共產黨要求下,史邁士被迫離開中國[16][17]。史邁士隨後擔任幾個組織的顧問,撰寫有關中國社會變革的文章和書籍[3]。1952年-1964年,擔任列克星敦神學院(英語:Lexington Theological Seminary)教授[18][8][19]。1957年-1958年休假一年,並擔任菲律賓西利曼大學(英語:Silliman University)校長助理[17][20],制定了當地的農村發展計劃[21]。 [22]
家庭
史邁士於本科期間認識了瑪格麗特·馬迪·莉蓮·加勒特(Margaret "Mardie" Lillian Garrett)[17],兩人於1924年結婚[7],後來有了兩個女兒[23][14]:瑪格麗特·佩吉安(Margaret "Peggy" Ann,1931年-2016年)和柯·瓊(E. Joan,1934年-1963年)[23][24][25][26]。瑪格麗特出生於南京的一個美國傳教士家庭[7],後來取得了拉什大學(英語:Rush University)醫學士學位[16],在華期間擔任醫療傳教士[8][20]。 [27]
參考資料
- The Bulletin, Spring 2008 (Vol. 44, No. 2): The Newsletter of the Lexington Theological Seminary (PDF): 4. 2008 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-03-13).
- Lewis S.C. Smythe. The Nanking Massacre Project: Yale Divinity School, Yale University. [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-13).
- Oral History Catalogue: Claremont Graduate University. [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2008-12-04).
- Suping Lu. They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals, Vol. 1.. Hong Kong University Press. 2004: 137. ISBN 9789622096868.
- Suping Lu (編). A Mission Under Duress: The Nanjing Massacre and Post-massacre Social Conditions Documented by American Diplomats. University Press of America. 2010: 331. ISBN 9780761851509.
- 南京市鼓樓區地方志編纂委員會. 鼓楼区志 第一版. 北京: 中華書局. 2006-03-01: 1502 [2017-03-18]. ISBN 7101046371. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-19).
- Suping Lu. They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals, Vol. 1.. Hong Kong University Press. 2004: 137–. ISBN 9789622096868.
- 113 Session-North Carolina Convention of Christian Churches (Disciples of Christ): 21. November 12–14, 1957.
- M. F. Nimkoff. Editor's Note. Journal of Marriage and Family Living (now the Journal of Marriage and Family). 1952, 30 (4): 272–273.
- chinanews. 真实版《金陵十三钗》:费吴生将胶卷缝进大衣出城-中新网. www.chinanews.com. [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2014-01-27).
- Jocelyn Mary Chatterton. Protestant Medical Missionary Experience During the War in China 1937-1945: The Case of Hubei Province (PDF). School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 2010 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-03-13).
- Timothy Brook (編). Documents on the rape of Nanking. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor Paperbacks. 1999. ISBN 978-0-472-08662-7.
- The Courier-Journal newspaper: Louisville, Kentucky: 51. December 4, 1953 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-13).
- The Bulletin, Spring 2008 (Vol. 44, No. 2): The Newsletter of the Lexington Theological Seminary (PDF): 5. 2008 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-03-13).
- Dwight E. Stevenson (編). Lexington Theological Seminary, 1865-1965: The College of the Bible Century. The Bethany Press. 1964: 301, 331, 344. ASIN B000HHNQES.
- Lewis S. C. Smythe. The Success of Chinese Families as Families. Journal of Marriage and Family Living (now the Journal of Marriage and Family). 1952, 30 (4): 286–294.
- The Courier-Journal newspaper: Louisville, Kentucky: 22. February 8, 1957 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-13).
- Dwight E. Stevenson (編). Lexington Theological Seminary, 1865-1965: The College of the Bible Century. The Bethany Press. 1964: 351. ASIN B000HHNQES.
- China News Letter - Letters from Phillips House to friends in the United States (PDF). The Nanking Massacre Project: Yale Divinity School, Yale University. [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-03-13).
- The Cincinnati Enquirer newspaper: Cincinnati, Ohio: 9. January 27, 1945 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-13).
- The Courier-Journal newspaper: Louisville, Kentucky: 17. May 15, 1957 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-13).
- Shanghai American School Association. The SASA News, March 2016 (No. 79) (PDF): 2–3. 2016 [2017-05-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-03-13).