徐敖兼通儒學詩書二經,在儒學方面,起了承先啟後的作用。秦始皇焚書坑儒之後,在西漢王朝,儒學經典靠儒生以私人傳授的方式教授。當時傳授尚書的伏生、孔安國兩家。孔安傳古文尚書授給都尉朝,都尉朝授膠東庸生,庸生授胡常,胡常又授給徐敖。徐敖授古文《尚書》於王璜和塗惲子真。徐敖除精通古文《尚書》,還精通《毛詩》。《毛詩》由趙國毛公授給趙國貫長卿,貫長卿授給阿武令解延年,解延年授給徐敖。他授《毛詩》於王莽的講學大夫九江陳俠。
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