不過,穆罕默德是否允許夥伴保留他的言論紀錄卻出現不同的說法。有記載表示穆罕默德曾指示未能記下聖訓的輔士把它寫下來,而且他自己也寫了許多信函詳述宗教崇拜的形式,《古蘭經》亦提到穆斯林應仿效他的言行,但亦有記載指他曾經說除了《古蘭經》,不要寫下他說的話,而且如果有人寫下了他那些除了《古蘭經》之外的話,應把它捫抹去。[14][15]可是,一些先知的夥伴的確把聖訓記錄或默記下來,例如阿布·胡賴拉(阿拉伯語:أبو هريرة)、阿卜杜·阿拉·伊本·阿姆魯·伊本·阿斯(阿拉伯語:عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص)、阿布·伯克爾[16]。
穆罕默德的同伴和追隨者會把聖訓寫在各種材質上,包括莎草紙、棕櫚葉、骨板、毛皮、白石及羊皮紙[26]。為求助記,他們會利用這些物品寫下筆記,例如據指穆罕默德的堂弟伊本·阿巴斯(阿拉伯語:عبد الله بن عباس)攜帶一塊「板子」,他會在上面寫下先知的言行,亦有其他記載指先知的一些夥伴有卷宗、羊皮紙或莎草紙,但他們都是出於心血來潮而記錄下來,並非有系統有計劃地蒐集聖訓[27]。
在祖赫里之後,眾多聖訓學者致力於編寫聖訓,但大規模的編纂在伊斯蘭曆約150年(約公元727年)才開始[50]。聖伴和他們的學生為了教學需要而私自輯錄和收藏的聖訓被稱為薩海法(英語:Sahifah),字面上解作「筆記」[51]。自倭馬亞王朝開始,學者整理這些薩海法,並編撰成書[52]。這些聖訓的蒐集者和編者把它們分門別類,使之形成不同種類的聖訓集,包括按照聖訓的法律分類而編寫的穆桑納夫(阿拉伯語:تصنيف (كتب))、按照聖訓轉述者而編寫的穆斯納德(阿拉伯語:علم مصطلح الحديث)及兩者並用的遜奈集(英語:Sunan)[53]。
除了六大聖訓集,遜尼派另有兩部重要的聖訓集,分別是《伊瑪目馬立克聖訓集》及《艾哈邁德·伊本·罕百里聖訓集(阿拉伯語:مسند أحمد)》[69]。一些學者認為六大聖訓集應該包括《伊瑪目馬立克聖訓集》,取代《伊本·馬哲聖訓集》,後者不被學者納瓦維(阿拉伯語:يحيى بن شرف النووي)及伊本·赫勒敦認為是廣受接納的聖訓集[70][71]。《艾哈邁德·伊本·罕百里聖訓集》則包含了許多在其他著作裏沒有論述的內容,這些內容包羅了不少相異的思想和俗例[72][73]。
據稱布哈里曾經長途跋涉去見一位聲稱知道一則聖訓的男人,他看到那人用一個空的飼料袋引誘他的馬兒跟隨他。布哈里不假思索掉頭回程,並說到:「他會騙他的馬兒,我又怎麼可以信任他所說的聖訓?」[134]聖訓學者舒巴·伊本·哈賈吉(阿拉伯語:شعبة بن الحجاج)經常都提請朋友去驗證聖訓傳述者的身份,並說這是「為了真主而明查暗訪」,有人勸他不要這樣做,但他卻說道:「打聽傳述者的身份必須要做,因為事關宗教信仰。」[135]如果聖訓傳述者的信仰有違《古蘭經》或聖行、曾經犯下罪過或藉傳述聖訓而索要好處或有其他可供責難之處,他的可信性便會受到質疑[136]。
土耳其學者福阿德·塞茲金(土耳其語:Fuat Sezgin)提出反駁,稱傳述世系是「書作作者或權威傳述人的紀錄」,並指出我們可以整合傳述世系重構出聖伴和傳承人所寫的聖訓輯集[174]。納比婭·阿布特(英語:Nabia Abbott)及詹姆斯·羅布森(維基數據所列:Q113805529)批評戈德齊赫及沙赫特對聖訓的全盤否定,他們認為大部分由聖伴及傳承人傳述的聖訓都經過一絲不苟的驗證[175]。聖訓學者穆罕默德·穆斯塔法·阿茲米(阿拉伯語:محمد مصطفى الأعظمي)則指聖訓集是「研究早期伊斯蘭歷史最豐富的資源」[176]。
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